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The Rise and Development of Ancient Civilizations: Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural Structures

Explore the fascinating history of ancient civilizations, including their social structures, political systems, economic interactions, and cultural developments. Discover the rich diversity and complexity of these early societies through their art, architecture, written codes, and religious beliefs.

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The Rise and Development of Ancient Civilizations: Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural Structures

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  1. What makes a civilization??? • highly organized group of people with their own language and ways of living • complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements

  2. Honors Humanities Themes S = Development and transformation of social structures • Gender roles and relations • Family and kinship • Racial and ethnic constructions • Social and economic classes P = Political (State-building, expansion, and conflict) • Political structures and forms of governance • Empires • Nations and nationalism • Revolts and revolutions • Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations I = Interaction between humans and the environment • Demography and disease • Migration • Patterns of settlement • Technology C = Development and interaction of cultures • Religions • Belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies • Science and technology • The arts and architecture E = Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems • Agricultural and pastoral production • Trade and commerce • Labor systems • Industrialization • Capitalism and socialism

  3. Enlil

  4. Sumerian Bull's Head, Lyre from Tomb of Paubi, c. 2600 B.C.

  5. Early Sumerian writing—pictographs

  6. Later Sumerian writing—represent sounds down from 3000 to 300

  7. The Behistun Rock: the key to deciphering cuneiform

  8. Sumerian farmers plowing

  9. Shamash—sun god Emperor Sargon of Akkad

  10. Code of Hammurabi • What is the value of a written legal code? • What evidence is there of social stratification within the laws? • How would you describe the status of women outlined in the legal code? • What do these laws reveal about the basic values and ideals of this society? • Why the image of Shamash?

  11. NarmerPalette ca. 31st century

  12. Honors Humanities Themes S = Development and transformation of social structures • Gender roles and relations • Family and kinship • Racial and ethnic constructions • Social and economic classes P = Political(State-building, expansion, and conflict) • Political structures and forms of governance • Empires • Nations and nationalism • Revolts and revolutions • Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations I = Interaction between humans and the environment • Demography and disease • Migration • Patterns of settlement • Technology C = Development and interaction of cultures • Religions • Belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies • Science and technology • The arts and architecture E = Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems • Agricultural and pastoral production • Trade and commerce • Labor systems • Industrialization • Capitalism and socialism

  13. Step Pyramid, early 27thCentury BCE, 203 ft. Great Sphinx at Giza, ca. 2550 BCE, 240 ft. by 66 ft. tall Great Pyramid at Giza, ca. 2560 BCE, 481 ft. “Bent” Pyramid, ca. 2600 BCE, 332 ft.

  14. Judgement of Hunefer

  15. Honors Humanities Themes S = Development and transformation of social structures • Gender roles and relations • Family and kinship • Racial and ethnic constructions • Social and economic classes P = Political(State-building, expansion, and conflict) • Political structures and forms of governance • Empires • Nations and nationalism • Revolts and revolutions • Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations I = Interaction between humans and the environment • Demography and disease • Migration • Patterns of settlement • Technology C = Development and interaction of cultures • Religions • Belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies • Science and technology • The arts and architecture E = Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems • Agricultural and pastoral production • Trade and commerce • Labor systems • Industrialization • Capitalism and socialism

  16. Temple of Karnak—located in Thebes (Ramses II)

  17. Valley of the Kings (Luxor)

  18. Abu Simbel (Ramses II)

  19. Hathor Temple (Ramses’ wife Nefertari)

  20. Kush pyramids tombs

  21. Kush writing and art (Egyptian Influence)

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