Wednesday, March 28, 2012

1. Wednesday, March 28, 2012 Goal: 10.9.1 Explain in detail what life was like in America during the Cold War In-class: Atomic Café Video, CST Review Questions Warm-up: What was the U.S. containment policy? Homework: None tonight!

2. Thursday, March 29, 2012 Goal: 10.9.4 Analyze the rise of Mao & explain the political & economic upheavals in China In-class: 17.2 Communists Take Over China Notes, Worksheet Warm-up: What are some things you know about China today? Policies? Government? Economy? Homework:Finish worksheet (should be done in class)

3. 17.2 Communists Take Power in China

4. Communists vs. Nationalists • China was in a Civil War between the Nationalists & Communists • Japan invaded in 1937 and both groups united to fight against the Japanese during WWII

5. The Communists • Mao Zedong—leader of the Chinese Communist Party (founded in 1921) • Had a stronghold in Northwestern China • Mobilized peasants for guerilla warfare against the Japanese • Made efforts to improve food production & literacy & won support in NW China by 1945

6. The Nationalists • Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)—leader of the Nationalist • Dominated Southwest China • Did not do much fighting in WWII • Instead, they saved up strength to fight Mao’s Red Army after WWII ended

7. Chinese Civil War Resumes • Renewed Civil War lasted from 1946-1949 • Nationalist Army outnumbered the Communists & were supported by the U.S. • Nationalists could not win popular support • China’s economy collapsed as a result of WWII & thousands of soldiers & civilians switched to the Communist Party

8. Chinese Civil War Resumes • By 1949, China’s major cities fell to Mao’s Red Army • Jiang’s army & government fled to Taiwan • Mao’s Promises • Give land back to the peasants • China became the People’s Republic of China • Signed Treaty of Friendship with Russia (1950)

9. Two Chinas • Taiwan or Nationalist China • Supported by U.S. • Militarily weak & corrupt • Weak public support • Communist or People’s Republic of China • Supported by Soviets • Soviet-Chinese Alliance to support each other in an attack by the West • Experienced & motivated guerilla army • Strong public support

10. Communist China Expands • Chinese Red Army expanded into Tibet, India, & Mongolia • 1950-51, brutally took over Tibet & the Dalai Lama fled to India • India harbored Tibetan refugees which increased tension between China and India Mongolia India

12. Communists Transform China • Set up two political organizations, both headed by Mao until 1959 • The Communist Party • National Government • Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 • Mao seized land of owners & returned it to the peasants • Killed over a million people in the process • Established a 5-Year Economic Plan • Plan to boost industry & business • Increased output of coal, steel, concrete, & electricity

13. Communists Transform China • The Great Leap Forward (1958) • Called for large collective farms, or communes • Peasants worked & lived there, owning nothing • Considered a failure after crop famines killed 20 million people • China and USSR begin to compete to led the worldwide Communist Movement by the late 1950s

14. The Cultural Revolution • Led by the Red Guards, militias of Communist supporters • Goal: to establish a society of peasants & workers in which all were equal • Anything artistic & intellectual considered useless • Shut down colleges and schools • Intellectuals had to “purify” themselves by doing hard labor • Thousands executed & imprisoned • Chaos threatened the farm production & industry • Communist National Army was told to suppress the Red Guards & end the revolution