D e: eede s pade a: a atstas pa st s t- saf st at eaat se 2 se- 400 pa tpetse 6 se- 9. 000.000 pa tpetse

1. S???? ??d?�??e?: ???? e?e?d??e?�???? ???s?? ?????? pa??de??�a: a????? ?at?stas? (p????a st? ??s? t???- saf?? st???? (�at) ?????? e?a??a?t???? ????se?? 2 ????se??- 400 p??a??? t?p??et?se?? 6 ????se??- 9. 000.000 p??a??? t?p??et?se??

2. ???G?????? ??????????O? ?????G?S?O? ??et????? p????? e?d???? ?a? e?a??a?t???? ????se?? MANIAC (Newell & Simon, 1972) 1 e?at?��???? ????se?? t? f??? ��????�: 4 ????se?? Ost?s?: de? ?pa??e p?a?�at??? ?a?? s????- ??a?e s?�a?? ????

3. ???G?????? ??????????O? ?????G?S?O? Deep blue: �s??fteta?� 90 d?? ????se?? ???e f??? 9 d?? ????se?? t? de?te???ept? * ????se t?? ?asp???f t? 1997 ?�??: ?? s?a??st?? de? ??????? t?se? p????? e?de??�e?e? ??se?? , s??ep?? ??t? ???? t??? a?ade????e? se chess masters

4. DE GROOT S?????s?: grand masters vs expert players t??? ??t?se: ep????? ????s?? ap? �?a s???e???�??? ??s?- s???? �f??a?t?� - p??sd????se t?? a???�? ?a? t? e?d?? t?? d?af??et???? ????se?? p?? e??a? s?efte?

5. DE GROOT grand masters: de? s??ft??ta? pe??ss?te?e? e?a??a?t???? ????se?? de? �??a??a?� se �e?a??te?? �???? ??a?a? ????s? se �????te?? ????? + ??e???t?t?? ???t?? a????????sa? ?? ?a??te?e? t?? ????se?? t???

6. ???????? pe??p?? 30 e?a??a?t???? ????se?? pe??p?? 4 e?a??a?t???? p??te? ????se?? �????: 6 ????se??, s???? p??? ????te?? * ??? �??s?eta? ???p?? ? d?af??? �eta?? grand masters- experts ?a? a????p??- ?p?????st?;

7. DE GROOT ??af???: st? ???s? t?? d?af??et???? p??a??? ??se?? ?a??te?: �e?et??? p??????�e?e? pa?t?de? a?a?a???? �e ?ept?�??e?e? d??? t??? pa????d?a ?a??? pa??te?: a?a????????? t?? ??se??- ??�???ta? d??at?? ?a??? ????se?? ap? t?? ??se?? a?t?? => ?p???e???? e?a???? a?at?????e? ?a? pe??tt?? ????se??

8. DE GROOT ?p????e?s? se �??f? s??�?t??; ?e??a�a: a?a?atas?e?? t?? s?a????a? Chess Masters: ep?t???a 91% Experts: 41% ???a?e? ??se??: ?d?a p?s?st? ap?t???a?

9. CHUNKING THEORY Chase & Simon, 1973 ?e�a??s�?? s?a????a? se 7 e??t?te? ?p????e?s? st? �?a??????? �??�? => ??af??? chess masters/ experts: ta t�?�ata p?? ??d???p????? pe??????? d?af??et??? p?s?t?ta p????f?????

10. CHUNKING THEORY ?e??a�a �e 3 ?�?de? pa??t??: e?d?�??e?- p??? ?a??? pa??te?- a??????? a?a?atas?e?? s?a????a? �??p??ta? �?a ???? ?at???a?a? a???�? ?a? t?p? p?????? p?? ?�a?a? �e �?a �at??, ?a? p?? ?a?a???t??sa? ??a ?a s????s??? t?? ?p????p? s?a????a

11. CHUNKING THEORY ????�ata: �?s?? ???? p?????? ��e �?a �at??�: 3 ?a? pa??�??a ?a??te??? pa??te?: p?? s??t?�e? �at??? ??a t? ??d???p???s? t�?�at?? ??af???? st?? a???�? p?????? p?? pe????��a?e ??a t�?�a: 2,5 ??? 1,9 ???a?e? ??se??: ?d?e? ?a??? ep?d?se?? ?a?at???s? Gobet & Simon ( �? stat?st??? s?�a?t??? ep?d?s? ?a??? pa??t?? ?a? st? d???�as?a �e t?? t??a?e? ??se??)

12. T?O???S/ ??????? Simon & Gilmartin: Memory- Aided Pattern Perceiver (??t????? p??t?p?? ?p?�?????�e?? ap? t? �??�?) ?e???a��??e?: p????? p??t?pe? s?a????e? 2 e?d????: 1114 ? 894 d???�as?e? a?as???es?? s?a????a?: p?? ?a??? ep?d?se?? t? �??t??? �e t?? 1114 s?a????e? �??e?d?� ? ???s? t?? t?p??et?se?? st? s?a????a

13. SEEK (Holding, 1985) 3 �as??? st???e?a ??a ?????? ep?d?se??: a?a??t?s?- ???s?- a???????s? Chess masters: ?a??te?? ?a? e?te??ste?? a?a??t?s?- ?a??te?? a???????s? t?? ??se??- ?a??te?? ???s?

14. SEEK (Holding, 1985) ????t???: t? �??t??? de? ??e? ???p????e? se ??e?t?????? ?p?????st? Tet???: a??de??e t? s?�as?a t?? a???????s?? ??a?t? t?? ap??? ???s?? p??a??? ??se??

15. SEEK (Holding, 1985) ?e??a�a Holding & Reynolds, 1982 ?a??? ?a? �?t???? pa??te? S?a????e? �e ta p????a se t??a?e? ??se?? (8��) 3� ??a ?a a???????s??? t?? ??se?? ?a? ?a ap?fas?s??? ????s? => ?a??? pa??te? = ?a??te?e? ????se??

16. Long term working memory- Template theory G??s? ??se?? st? s?a????a: d?a�es??a�e?ta? ap? p?? ?e????? d?�?? s??�at???? a?????s?? S??�ata: s??d?a p?? ??d???p????? p????a ?a? p??a??? ??se?? ????? p?????? s??d???? ???s? p??a??? ????se?? ?a? ?e???? p???a p?? �p????? ?a t?? a???????s???

17. S??????S?? ???e?t?a/?a?? ep?d?s?: de? af??? �??? t? �??�? p?? apa?te?ta? ??a t?? ep???s? ?a??�e????? p??�??�?t?? Hatano & Inagaki: a??e?t?a ???t??a? (??a ???e?a, s?????s�??a p??�??�ata- �as??eta? se s??�ata) p??sa?�?st??? a??e?t?a (??a �? ???e?a, as?????sta p??�??�ata- �as??eta? st? ???s? a???????s??)

18. ?????S? ?????????O? S?? F?S??? ??af???? e?d?�??a- a??????? ( pe??a�a Chi, Feltovich & Glaser, 1981) ????????: ?at??????p???s? �e �?s? ta e??te???? ?a?a?t???st??? ?d?????ta? ap? ???e??- ??e?d?? ??d?�??e?: ?at??????p???s? �e �?s? t? �a??? d?�?- a??�a ?a? p??�??�?t?? �e d?af??et??? e??te???? ?a?a?t???st???

19. ?????S? ?????????O? S?? F?S??? ??d?�??e?: ??s? 4 f???? p?? ??????a p???? ?????? ??a a????s?- ?ata???s? ????????:a�?s?? e??s?se?? S?????G??? ??d?�??e?: e??as?a p??? ta e�p??? ????????: e??as?a p??? ta p?s?

20. ??????? Lamberts, 1990- ?�??d??? �??t??? (s??det?st???? ?e?t?????e? ?a? s?st?�a pa?a?????) S??det?st??? �??�?: ??d???p??e? p??????�e?? e�pe???a ep???s?? p??�??�?t?? S?st?�a pa?a?????: ?e????eta? t? st?at????? s????

21. ????? ???????? ??d???p???s? se �???de? e?s?d?? 3 e?d??: * �???de? p????f????? (s?��??a) * �???de? ?p?st???? (? ???f?? ??��??) * �???de? te????? st???? (t? ??t??�e?? ??a t?? ep???s? p??�??�at??) ?�pe???a: e?�???s? s??d?s�?? �eta?? t?p?? p??�??�at?? ?a? ???s?�?? ?p?st????

22. ???????S?? ??d???p???s? p??�??�at?? ?pe?e??as?a p??�??�at?? st?? ?ata?e�?�??? �??�?- sta?e??p???s? ?a??��as? s?st?�at?? pa?a????? �eta?? t?? a?apa??stas?? t?? p??�??�at?? ?a? t?? e?e???p???�???? ??��?? ??ad??as?a �???s??: ??d???p???s? s??d?s�?? �eta?? ???s?�?? ?p?st????- p??�??�at??- te????? st????