Peer-to-Peer Television for the Next Generation Networks

1. Peer-to-Peer Televisionfor theNext Generation Networks Alex Bikfalvi Universidad Carlos III de Madrid  IMDEA Networks Institute

2. Who am I? • Doctoral student at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid • Engineering degree from Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca (Romania) • Network management, measurements and quality of service • Part of work done at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 2006 2007 • Research assistant at the IMDEA Networks Institute (Madrid) • Peer-to-peer networks, content distribution 2008 • Master degree from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid • Peer-to-peer video in next generation networks 2012 • Expected doctoral degree at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid • Peer-to-peer television for the IP Multimedia Subsystem • Video-on-demand, peer-to-peer caching, user behavior, content-centric networks

3. This Talk • It puts together four research topics Internet Protocol Television Peer-to-Peer Streaming Next Generation Networks Performance Enhancements

4. Part 1 Internet Protocol Television

5. Introduction • What is Internet Protocol television or IPTV? • It begins with broadcast television • Analog or digital (ATSC, DVB) • Terrestrial, satellite, cable

6. Internet Protocol Television • IPTV: TV channel audio/video over IP • Content encoded in digital form, transmitted as packets • Convergence of services: broadcast, video-on-demand • Economics: only 1-2 channels streamed to the user • Bandwidth requirements • Congestion and packet losses • Delay during channel changes: buffering, decoding

7. Walled Gardens • Most IPTV providers use a dedicated infrastructure • Uses IP multicast for all TV channels

8. Part 2 Peer-to-Peer Streaming

9. The Internet in... 2004 • P2P traffic was 60% and rising • ISPs identified P2P as a major challenge in network design • It affects the QoS for all users • Mostly, file-sharing: BitTorrent, eDonkey, Kad, Gnutella Source: Cache Logic “P2P in 2005”

10. The Internet in... 2007 • Since late 2000’s, web traffic was gaining share back Source: Magid Media Futures survey (2007)

11. In 2007 and... today • More than a third of the HTTP traffic is video streaming • YouTube is the most popular; counts for around 20% • That’s about 10% of all Internet traffic 2007 Source: Magid Media Futures survey (2007) • Internet video, the new broadband killer application? • More ***Tube service providers? • User generated content and commercial content

12. Today and beyond • Cisco: Entering the Zettabyte Era • Video surpassed peer-to-peer in 2010 • Forecasts fourfold increase over the next three years 2011 Source: Cisco (2011)

13. Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Sending video content is expensive • Applications target many receivers • We need support in the transport network • What are the options? • Internet Protocol multicast • Content distribution network (servers) • Peer-to-peer

14. Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Application layer multicast • Emulates the IP multicast tree • The clients or peers in charge of packet forwarding

15. Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Multiple application layer multicast trees • Increases participation and bandwidth granularity • It coordinates multiple trees

16. Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Mesh or data-driven • Video stream divided into segments • A unique tree for each segment

17. Part 3 Next Generation Networks

18. The Next Generation... • One network, many services • Economic reasons: bandwidth is a low margin business • Convergence: legacy networks to an all IP

19. IP Multimedia Subsystem • A platform for IP multimedia services • Initially designed by 3GPP as an evolution of GSM/UMTS • Currently extended to many more access networks • Core of a NGN

20. Quality of Service • Before communication • User equipments establish a multimedia session • Like a handshake, and indicates the session characteristics • Uses the Session Initiation Protocol

21. IPTV with IP Multimedia Subsystem

22. Peer-to-Peer Television in IMS • User equipments leverage their upload bandwidth • Available bandwidth not contracted by the user

23. Business Model • The P2PTV complements other streaming techniques • A P2PTV provider in charge of coordinating peer resources

24. Streaming Overlay • P2PTV peer coordination example • Three streams belonging to one or more TV channels

25. Part 4 Performance Enhancements

26. Main Challenges • Signaling delay • Need to establish a multimedia session between peers • Assures QoS but time expensive • Peer churn • Departure of a UE peer generates streaming interruptions • In television, amplified by channel changes • Application server • Coordinates peer participation

27. Fast Signaling • Foster peers with established but inactive sessions • Initiated by the application server • Estimates the necessary number of inactive sessions based on user demand

28. Low Churn • Decouple viewing from uploading • Based on a previous work • We adapt the bandwidth allocation algorithm

29. Let’s Summarize

30. Summary • Internet Protocol Television • TV channels transmitted as packets with the Internet Protocol • Pros and cons • Walled gardens • Peer-to-Peer Streaming • Rationale given expected increase in video usage • Alternative to IP multicast and content distribution networks • Tree or mesh • Next Generation Networks • One network, many services • IP Multimedia Subsystem, an NGN implementation • P2PTV in IMS: rationale, business model & design • Performance Enhancements • Main issues of P2PTV in IMS: delay & churn • Fast signaling • Primary and secondary streams