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Influence of Cheap and Fast NVRAM o n Linux Kernel Architecture

Influence of Cheap and Fast NVRAM o n Linux Kernel Architecture. Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu. Disclaimer. Everything in this lecture is my technology observations and should NOT be taken as an indication of any future my employee product plans. Non-Volatile Read Access Memory.

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Influence of Cheap and Fast NVRAM o n Linux Kernel Architecture

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  1. Influence of Cheap and Fast NVRAMon Linux Kernel Architecture Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  2. Disclaimer • Everything in this lecture is my technology observations and should NOT be taken as an indication of any future my employee product plans. www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  3. Non-Volatile Read Access Memory www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  4. Highlights of NVRAM • Power efficient • Stays at RAMafter power loss • Error correction • Fast read • Storage density/capacity • Byte-addressable access • Price www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  5. Power Estimation* *Idle power in airplane mode. The Systems Hacker’s Guide to the Galaxy Energy Usage in a modern Smartphone www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  6. Prices * Based on pricewatch.com street price www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  7. Memory Architecture Unified Memory (UMA) Non-Unified Memory (NUMA) www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  8. System Architecture Current Future www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  9. Changes in Linux Kernel • Memory management • Caches • Pages swaps • File storage • Security • Power handling www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  10. Memory Management • Designed for two regions: • Small and fast • Large and slow • No back storage • No need to remove pages • Out of memory (OOM) is the same as out of space • Pages won’t move • Different page granularity • No need in virtual addressing • No hardware protection • Different process separation www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  11. Memory Management Options • File system approach - virtual interfaces • Blocks layer is slow • Memory approach – change in kmalloc() • Adding new flag • Consumer needs specific address space. www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  12. File Storage • Process separation • Non-stop execution • Install/update/boot • Faults • Checkpoints/logs garbage collection • Security • Reliability • Corruption • Portability www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  13. PRAMFS • No need to cache (O_DIRECT flag) • Synchronous write (no blocking) • All pages are read-only to prevent data corruption • Temporal solution • Not in mainline www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  14. Summary • NVRAM is already available • It is going to be hottest topic in LKML • There is no simple solution www.leon.nu - Leon Romanovsky leon@leon.nu

  15. We are hiring. leon@leon.nu

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