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Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior 3C

Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior 3C. Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences. Behavior Geneticists study our differences and weigh the relative effects of heredity and environment. Environmental Influences. Nurture:. Genes: Our Codes for Life.

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Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior 3C

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  1. Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior3C

  2. Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences Behavior Geneticists study our differences and weigh the relative effects of heredity and environment.

  3. Environmental Influences Nurture:

  4. Genes: Our Codes for Life Chromosomes containing DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are situated in the nucleus of a cell.

  5. Genes: Our Codes for Life Segments within DNA consist of genes that make proteins to determine our development.

  6. Genome Genome is the set of complete instructions for making an organism, containing all the genes in that organism. Thus, the human genome makes us human, and the genome for drosophila makes it a common house fly.

  7. Twin Biology Studying the effects of heredity and environment on two sets of twins, identical and fraternal, has come in handy.

  8. Twins Studies A number of studies compared identical twins raised separately from birth, or close thereafter, and found numerous similarities. Caution: any two strangers are likely to share coincidental similarities.

  9. IdenticalTwins and IQ • Best way to really study genetics because they come from the same zygote. • Bouchard Study • .69 Correlational coefficient for IQ tests of identical twins raised apart. • .88 raised together.

  10. Twins and Personality Temperament - a person’s stable emotional reactivity and intensity. • Identical twins express similar temperaments, suggesting heredity predisposes temperament.

  11. Separated Twins • Twins separated at birth – separation did not note any extreme differences in personality • Differences between fraternal twins are greater than identical twins. Bob Sacha

  12. Adoption Studies • Adoptees (who may be biologically unrelated) tend to be different from their adoptive parents and siblings. • Environment shared by a family’s children has relatively no impact on their personalities

  13. Parental Influence • Parents do influence: • Attitudes • Values • Manners • Faith • politics

  14. Heritability Heritability refers to the extent to which the differences among people are attributable to genes.

  15. Heritability in Twins

  16. Gene-Environment Interaction Genes and environment affect our traits individually, but more important are their interactive effects. Alessia Pierdomenico/Reuters/Corbis Rex Features People respond differently to Rowan Atkinson (Mr. Bean) than Orlando bloom.

  17. The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics Molecular genetics is a branch extension of behavior genetics that asks the question, “Do genes influence behavior?”

  18. Evolutionary Psychology Evolutionary psychology studies why we as humans are alike. In particular, it studies the evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection. .

  19. Natural Selection Natural selection is an evolutionary process through which adaptive traits are passed on to ongoing generations because these traits help animals survive and reproduce.

  20. Artificial Selection Biologists like Belyaev and Trut (1999) were able to artificially rear and domesticate wild foxes, selecting them for friendly traits. L.N. Trur, American Scientist (1999) 87: 160-169 Any trait that is favored naturally or artificially spreads to future generations.

  21. Human Sexuality Gender Differences in Sexuality

  22. Mating Preferences However, females select one mature and caring male because of the higher costs involved with pregnancy and nursing. Natural selection has caused males to send their genes into the future by mating with multiple females since males have lower costs involved.

  23. Mating Preferences Males look for youthful appearing females in order to pass their genes into the future. Females, on the other, hand look for maturity, dominance, affluence and boldness in males. Data based on 37 cultures.

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