National Seminar on Rural Empowerment, April 16, 2012 RGIT, Amethi

BIO-FUEL: THE FUEL OF FUTURE Dr. P.K. Seth CEO Biotech Park, Lucknow National Seminar on Rural Empowerment, April 16, 2012 RGIT, Amethi

BIO-FUEL Bio-ethanol & Bio-diesel

Bio-fuel includes both Bio-diesel and Bio-Ethanol • Bio-diesel is a substitute / complement of diesel which is derived from vegetable oils as Karanja, Jatropha, Palm oil, frying oil, etc. • Bio-ethanol is a substance produced from vast array of raw material such as • Sugar (Sugarcane, sweet sorghum, sugar beets, molasses, fruits) • Starches (Grains, potatoes, root crops) • Cellulose materials (wood, agricultural residues, waste sulfite liquor from pulp and paper mills)

Advantages of Biodiesel • Environmental friendly • Low emission of PM, HC, CM, CO • Higher flash point • Clean burning • Renewable fuel • No engine modification • Increase engine life • Biodegradable and non toxic • Easy to handle and store

Raw Material for Biodiesel • Rapeseed oil • Sunflower oil • Soyabean oil • Palm oil • Cottonseed oil • Linseed oil • Olive oil • Beef oil • Jatropha oil • Frying oil

POTENTIAL AND POSSIBILITIES • India with just 2.4% of global area supports more than 16% of the human population and 17% of the cattle population • India is one of the largest importer of edible oil • Tree Borne Oilseeds available • Wasteland is available • Low cost labour and higher unemployment

SUITABILITY OF JATROPHA • Thrives on any type of soil • Needs minimal inputs or management • Has no major insect / pests problem • Not browsed by cattle or sheep • Can survive long periods of drought • Propagation by seed / cutting • Rapid growth • Yield from the 2nd year onwards • Yield from established plantations 5 tonne per ha. • Generally 30% oil from seeds by expelling • Seed meal excellent organic manure

Technical Feasibility • Can be blended in any ratio with petro-diesel • Existing storage facilities and infrastructure for petro-diesel can be used with minor alteration. • From environment and emissions point of view it is superior to petro-diesel. • It can provide energy security to remote and rural areas. • It has good potential for employment generation

WASTELAND FOR JATROPHA CULTIVATION

Important Tree Borne Oilseeds [TBOs]

Important Tree Borne Oilseeds for Bio-Diesel Production

Important Tree Borne Oilseeds for Bio-Diesel Production (Simmondsia chinensis)

Important Tree Borne Oilseeds for Bio-Diesel Production

Important Tree Borne Oilseeds for Bio-Diesel Production Madhuca Indica

Biodiesel: Indian Scenario • Biodiesel Train on Track in India : • The first successful trial run of a passenger train was conducted on December 31, 2002 when the Delhi-Amritsar Shatabdi Express used 5% biodiesel as fuel. Biodiesel will enable Indian Railways to save on its rising fuel bill while controlling pollution levels. • Field trials of 10% bio-diesel blend were also done on Lucknow-Allahabad Jan Shatabdi Express also through association with IOC. • 2. Jatropha biodiesel use in India : IOC to start field trials of biodiesel: • Indian Oil Corporation is planning to test Biodiesel in automobiles. They would begin field trials of running buses on biodiesel - diesel doped with 5 per cent non-edible oils. For this they have identified three depots in Rewart for plying Haryana Roadways buses on the blended fuel.

….Biodiesel: Indian Scenario • 3. Research & development by Motor Companies : • Mahindra and Mahindra have successfully conducted large scale trials of operating their tractors on biodiesel and Mercedes Benz is sponsoring Jatropha production with a commitment to use biodiesel to run their cars. • Researches Conducted in different Institutions in India : • Indian Institute of science ( IISc), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Indian Oil Corporation are the organizations engaged in the extensive research on Biodiesel. They have investigated on several vegetable oils and their derivatives for their performance as engine fuels.

Tata Motors have planned to run Buses on Biodiesel: • Tata motors have started a pilot project to run 43 buses on Biodiesel with the help of IOC. Indian Oil has opened a Biodiesel Pump for the staffs of its campus. These buses will run total 7000 kms per day. IOC has reported that central govt. is planning for policies for the commercial cultivation of Jatropha and some subsidy also can be approved for this. 1 liter Biodiesel will cost Rs.45 – 50 and if we will get subsidy in it then we can get it at the price of diesel i.e. Rs 20/lit. • HPCL is also carrying out field trials in association with BEST • Bio-Diesel blend from IOC (R&D) is being used in buses in Mumbai as well as in Rewari, in Haryana on trial basis. • CSIR and Daimler Chrysler have jointly undertaken a successful 5000 km trial run of Mercedes cars using bio-diesel as fuel. • 9. NOVOD has initiated test run by blending 10% bio diesel in collaboration with IIT, Delhi in Tata Sumo & Swaraj Mazda vehicles.

National Mission on Biodiesel As per the national mission on Biodiesel the Biodiesel must be produced in the country in quantities sufficient to enable its blending with HSD to the extend of 20% in 2017 The Government has planned for the plantation of Jatropha curcas over 11 million hectares of land in and outside forests and mobilisation of initiative and enterprise of large numbers of stake holders including individuals, communities, entrepreneurs, oil companies, business, industry, financial institutions, government and its institutions. It is, therefore, necessary that an integrated programme based on the initiative and enterprise of these stakeholders and participants be prepared and implemented.

Establishment of Seed Procurement cum Oil Extraction Centers For the plantation within the jurisdiction of a nursery a seed procurement center with facility to store the procured seed and an oil extraction plant will be necessary. Assuming 2000 Ha of land to be covered by a nursery, 7500 MT of seed will arrive at the procurement center and suitable facilities to store the seed and extract oil will need to be created. For Jatropha growing areas the size of expeller unit should be 1 MT/ day (capital cost Rs 70,000), 1 MT / hour (capital cost Rs. 300,000) and 2 MT/ hour (capital cost Rs. 500,000). Depending on the capacity of the plant the cost of expelling oil will be between Rs.0.19 per liter to Rs. 0.90 per liter of oil.

Agencies & Institutes working in the field of bio-diesel • National Oil seeds and Vegetable Oil Board, Gurgaon • PCRA - Petroleum Conservation Research Association • Indian Oil Corporation (R&D) Centre, Faridabad • Delhi College of Engineering • Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi • Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun • Downstream National Oil Companies • Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad • Council of Scientific and Industrial Research • Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources • Central Pollution Control Board • Bureau of Indian Standards • Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency

States, which have made some lead • Uttranchal • Uttaranchal Bio-fuel Board (UBB) has been constituted as a nodal agency for bio-diesel promotion in the state. • Has undertaken Jatropha plantation in an area of 1 lakh hectare. • UBB has established Jatropha Gene Bank to preserve high yielding seed varieties. • Has ambitious plan to produce 100 million liters of bio-diesel.

States, which have made some lead • Andhra Pradesh • Govt. of Andhra Pradesh to encourage Jatropha plantation in 10 rain shadow districts of AP • Task force for it has been constituted at district and state level • Government of A.P. proposed Jatropha cultivation in 15 lakh acres in next 4 years • Initial target is 2 lakh acres • Irrigation to be dovetailed with Jatropha cultivation • 90% drip subsidy is proposed • Jatropha cultivation to be taken up only in cultivable lands with existing farmers. • Crop and yield insurance is proposed

States, which have made some lead Chhattisgarh 6 lakh saplings of Jatropha have been planted with the involvement of State's Forest, Agriculture, Panchayat and Rural Development Departments As per the Deputy Chairman, State Planning Board, the state has the target to cover 1 million ha of land under Jatropha plantation Ten reputed bio-diesel companies, including the UK-based D1 Oils, have offered to set up Jatropha oil-extraction units or to buy the produce from farmers in Chhattisgarh. Companies like Indian Oil, Indian Railways and Hindustan Petroleum have each deposited Rs 10 lakh as security for future MoUs with the state government.

States, which have made some lead • Uttar Pradesh • For promoting the Bio-diesel activities, Govt. of U.P. has established a “Bio-Energy Mission Cell” under Dept. of Planning with following objectives: • To impart technical advice to those engaged in cultivation of Jatropha. • To provide financial and other assistance for expansion of area under jatropha cultivation. • To encourage adoption of modern technologies for cultivation of jatropha and oil processing. • To collect, maintain and update statistical data on all aspects related to cultivation of jatropha and processing of Bio diesel. • To undertaking publicity activities and publishing books and periodicals on jatropha and Bio diesel oil. • To encourage setting up of bio diesel industries and provide suitable technical support for the industry. • To maintain the quality & productivity Standards of the crop and related process, the mission will have a permanents agreement with “ Bio-Tech Park” Lucknow. Other expert institutions would also be in regular contact in association with Bio-Tech Park.

Biofuels Initiatives by Biotech Park, Lucknow

Biotech Park, Lucknow Entrance Gate A view of Biotech Park buildings Roof top view of entrance-road network Biobusiness Block • SPONSORS • Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India, New Delhi • Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of U.P., Lucknow • COLLABORATORS • Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi • Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur • Universities & Industries

Biotech Park Strategy: Biofuel (Jatropha) The Park has made valuable contributions in the field of biofuels by selecting accessions of high yielding and oil rich varieties of Jatropha curcas. The Park was awarded a project by NOVOD (Ministry of Agriculture) for development of quality planting material and to supply 3 lakhs of Jatropha curcas saplings (seedlings as well as clonal) to Central State Farm, Girjapuri, District Bahraich. The planting material developed by the Biotech Park has been recognized by the peers as elite. The Directorate of Planning, Government of U.P. has recommended for the procurement of the Jatropha plants from the Biotech Park. This clearly establishes the potential of the Biotech Park for rural employment generation & rural development through agri biotechnology and for promotion of biofuel in the state.

…… Biotech Park Strategy: Biofuel (Jatropha) • Activities undertaken by the Park • Supply of quality and tested planting material • Awareness Activities • Business Awareness meetings related to Biofuel feedstock cultivation and production of value added products. • To create awareness among academia, government, industries and students, the Biotech Park is regularly organizing “Kisan Goshthis” and awareness programs to apprise the public regarding significance of plantation of Jatropha for future bio-fuel in collaboration with NBRI, UPCST & Lucknow Management Association. So far 20 “Kisan Goshthis” and 15 awareness programs have been organized. More than 3000 persons have been apprised about Biodiesel.

…… Biotech Park Strategy: Biofuel (Jatropha) • Biotech Park also paved the way for launching of following new companies: • M/s Asia Pacific Biotechnics, Lucknow • M/s Devaa Biofuels, Lucknow • M/s Green Oil, New Delhi • M/s U.P. Bioenergy Pvt. Ltd., Lucknow • The Park is serving as a technical collaborator. • Three clones of elite variety of jatropha developed • BTP-A • BTP-K • BTP-N

…… Biotech Park Strategy: Biofuel (Jatropha) Project entitled “Improvement of Jatropha Curcas through Evaluation of diversity & establishment of Clonal/seed orchards & developing quality Planting stocks” awarded to Biotech Park by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. The objectives of the project are: • To share selections made at various centers as identified by the Department of Biotechnology under Micro mission program • To establish progeny trails and multilocational trails (at Biotech Park sites) of the shared germplasm. • To develop clonal orchards of the selections of the selected individuals. • To select families, cull the inferior families and to establish seed orchards. • To develop a base population for further breeding and multiplication. • Identify genetically diverse accessions, evaluate accessions or selections by various partners institutes. • Evaluate site performance of selections from the country and develop site specific selections to be further multiplied by clonal propagation. • To share information, selected nursery seedling and cuttings raised during the program activities. • To select candidate tress of Jatropha curcas from neutralized populations of Rajasthan, accession and evaluate for oil content and other selection parameters.

Jatropha Plantation at Biotech Park Jatropha Plantation at Girjapuri by Biotech Park

THANK YOU

Employment potential (as per Planning Commission report on bio-fuels) • Likely demand of petro diesel by 2006-07 will be 52 MMT and by 2011-12 it will increase to 67 MMT. • 5% blend of Bio-diesel with petro diesel will require 2.6 MMT of Bio-diesel in 2006-07 • By 2011-12, for 20% blend with Petro-diesel, the likely demand will be 13.4 MMT. • To meet the requirement of 2.6 MMT of bio-diesel, plantation of Jatropha should be done on 2.2 - 2.6 million ha area. • 11.2 - 13.4 million ha of land should be covered by 2011 - 12 for 20% bio-diesel blending • It will generate following no. of jobs in following areas.

National Seminar on Rural Empowerment, April 16, 2012 RGIT, Amethi