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Biology 223 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 1; Lecture 1; Monday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

Biology 223 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 1; Lecture 1; Monday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. Introduction Cells and Tissues Humans as Vertebrates Early Development of Humans. Humans as Vertebrates Phylum - Chordata Dorsal hollow nerve cord Notochord Gill slits Postanal Tail

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Biology 223 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 1; Lecture 1; Monday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

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  1. Biology 223 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 1; Lecture 1; Monday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Introduction Cells and Tissues Humans as Vertebrates Early Development of Humans

  2. Humans as Vertebrates • Phylum - Chordata • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Notochord • Gill slits • Postanal Tail • Neural crest tissue as the defining vertebrate feature.

  3. Cells and Tissues • Cell structure • Cell association patterns • Epithelial pattern • Mesenchymal pattern • Tissues • Epithelial tissue - functions of exchange and functions of certain sensory reception. • Connective tissue • Muscle & nervous tissue

  4. Epithelial tissue Mesenchymal Tissue

  5. Anatomical Terminology (know the differences) • Bipedal and orthograde • Dorsal and ventral • Medial and lateral • Cranial and caudal • anterior and posterior • inferior and superior • proximal and distal • deep and superficial

  6. Historical and Developmental Perspectives • Ontogeny • Early embryological development • Cross-section of the body • Chordate features – dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gut tube, certain blood vessels, muscle blocks, and coelom.

  7. Early Development of the Humans • The egg • macrolecithal versus microlicethal (know the difference)

  8. Early stages • Zygote • Morula • Blastocyst - inner cell mass, trophoblast • Amniotic cavity • Bilaminar embryo • Notochord - first discrete structure

  9. Morula

  10. Germ layers • Ectoderm • Mesoderm • Endoderm

  11. Review: Historical and Developmental Perspectives Ontogeny Early embryological development Cross-section of the body Chordate features – dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gut tube, certain blood vessels, muscle blocks, and coelom.

  12. Concurrent events: Neural folds to Neural Groove

  13. Mesodermal structures • Paraxial mesoderm • Lateral mesoderm • Intermediate mesoderm • Somites • Segmental structures - how many in the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and in what remains of the tail. What is the total number of of segments in the body?

  14. Early Development Continued: • Dorsal hollow nerve tube • Neural crest • Further differentiation of the mesoderm

  15. Neural Crest Development

  16. Structures Visible in the Basic Cross-Section of the Body (Embryo or Adult!) • Coelom • Somatopleure • Splanchnopleure • Parietal Peritoneum • Visceral Peritoneum • Dorsal mesentery • Ventral mesentery

  17. Trans-segmental structures versus Segmental structures

  18. Gill slits / Gill pouches

  19. Further endodermal development: • Lateral folds • Oropharyngeal membrane • Embryonic foregut • Embryonic hindgut

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