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Standardization of Death Rates

Standardization of Death Rates.

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Standardization of Death Rates

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  1. Standardization of Death Rates The crude death rate is greatly affected by age structure of the population. If the age structure of two populations are different and if the crude death rates are compared then wrong conclusion may be drawn. Hence CDR should be standardized before drawing conclusion. The process of removing the effect caused by different age structure is called age standardization. Standardized death rates can be calculated by two methods viz Direct and Indirect Standardization

  2. Standard Population The Standard population is usually take the population of the whole country if we are making comparison of rates in two communities within the country. However, international standard population is preferred for comparison of rates between countries. Any population can be selected as standard, from the set of those to be compared or any other population not in the set. However a population that approximately makes the average composition of the population is preferred.

  3. Direct Standardization Death Rate (DSDR): In this method the age specific death rates in a community under study are applied to various age groups in the standard population. Then it gives the standardized mortality rate for the population under study by using ,

  4. Four Main Steps There are four main steps in the procedure of standardization: • Calculate the age specific death rates for each age group in both populations which is to be compared. • Create a new "Standard Population" for each age group and sum or average of total population. • Calculate the expected number of deaths for each age group by multiplying the standard population of each age group and the age specific rates for the given population, which is to be compared. • Complete this process for each age group and for each population separately and divide by step 3 to step 2.

  5. Consider the following example:

  6. Solution

  7. Cont… • CDR for population A = (200 / 6000) x 1000 = 33.3 per 1000 • CDR for Population B = (130 / 6000) x 1000 = 21.7 per 1000 Conclusion: The crude death rate of city A is higher. But we are not advised to compare these rates directly because of different population composition.

  8. Now if we apply the age standardized death rates for each population using the method described above DSDRA = ( 80 x 2000) + ( 10 x 9000) + (80 x 1000) 12000 = 350000 = 29 per 1000 12000 Similarly, in this particular example DSDRB for city B is same 29 per 1000 by using following formula.

  9. Cont…. Now second process of making standard population will be disused. Conclusion: The Standardized death rate of city A and B is same. So; we are not advised to which Population is more healthier.

  10. Compute the CDR & DSDR of the two population .A & B, regarding A as a standard population from the following data.

  11. Indirect Standardization Death Rate (ISDR): In computing the standardized Death Rate by direct method there is necessary to know number of person and age specific death rate for different age group. If population are classified according to age but ASDR unavailable in various situation . In such case we standardized Death Rate by using indirect method. In this method death is standardized by multiplying the crude death rate & adjustment factor.

  12. Indirect Standardized Death Rate

  13. OR

  14. Q. Given below are the figures of population and number of deaths in town 'A' and 'B'. Calculate crude and Standardized Death rates using both direct and indirect method of standardization assume (i) town A was standard and (ii) town B was standard

  15. Solution

  16. CDR for city 'A' = (2150 ÷ 200,000 ) x 1000 = 10.75/1000 Similarly CDR for city 'B' = 10/1000

  17. Standardization of death rate (DSDR) supposing the population of city 'A' as standard: (20,000x10) +(50,000 x 2) +( 90,000 x 5 ) +( 40,000 x 32) 200,000 = 20,30000 ÷ 200,000 = 10.15 Conclusion: Thus the death rate of city A is higher after direct standardization process.

  18. Direct Standardization of death rate supposing the population of city 'B' as standard DSDRA = 40,000 x 20)+(120,000 x 10)+(160,000 x 5)+ (80,000 x 20) 400,000 = 800,000 + 1200,000 + 800,000 + 1600,000 400,000 Thus supposing B city as standard we are getting same result as the death rate of city A as higher

  19. Indirect Standardization of death rate (ISDR) supposing the population of city 'A' as standard: • (CDR)s=10.75 • (CDR)B=10

  20. Find the standardized Death Rate of given data.

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