Creating a ‘country compact’ to ensure a secure and sustainable future

1. Creating a ‘country compact’ to ensure a secure and sustainable future Mr Mpho Makwana 11-22 January 2010 NERSA public hearings Eskom’s MYPD2 application

2. Creating a ‘country compact’ to ensure a secure and sustainable future • Although we are dealing with this application in a 3 year context, it is important for continuity of supply to keep in mind the longer term requirements for the country • As a country we need a long term perspective on what is required to achieve a sustainable and secure long term future for South Africa and its electricity industry • The current reality is that: • We have a low reserve margin which results in increased operating costs, and the need for significant additional capacity. • The tariffs are too low to sustain the funding needs culminating in the current weak Balance Sheet. • Eskom acknowledges that a strategic shift based on effective integration and alignment with stakeholders is required to achieve a successful outcome for Eskom and for South Africa.

3. Creating a ‘country compact’ to ensure a secure and sustainable future • This outcome cannot be guaranteed by Eskom on its own – we need a compact between all South Africans to work together to overcome our challenges • Accordingly, Eskom’s revised application is based on this collaborative and integrated approach and will involve making choices and trade-offs as a country to ensure a sustainable energy future. • Eskom has therefore changed its tariff application from 45% to 35%, but this choice increases the risk profile relating to sustainability and fundability. • Eskom is committed to work in partnership with stakeholders to address these risks.

4. Eskom’s MYPD2 application is based on six pillars 1 The role of Eskom in the economy Resolving the funding model for the new build 2 3 Meeting the cost of keeping the lights on A sustainable economy, protecting the environment and mitigating climate change 4 5 Allowing for entrance of IPPs Addressing the impact on economically vulnerable communities 6

5. 2 As a country, we need to make up for a long period of underinvestment Real c/KWh (2008 base) 1983 - De Villiers commission scrapped the Capital Development Fund in response to high tariffs To be sustainable in the long term, electricity prices need to reflect the true cost of generation 32 2008 – lack of capacity results in load shedding 30 1972 - Capital Development Fund introduced to fund new build through tariffs 28 Period of underinvestment 26 24 High tariffs during the last build period 22 20 18 0 1957 1961 1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2009

6. The current low reserve margin has major implications for Eskom and for the country Increased opex cost base Higher primary energy costs Reduced security of supply Tighter reserve margin and rising costs since 2007/8 • Constrained supply: Available capacity not able to meet increased demand • Planned load shedding: balancing demand and supply require shedding specific users to prevent system collapse • New power stations resulted in increased human capital costs due to new vacancies to be filled • Ageing power station fleet and high utilisation results in increased maintenance costs • Higher volumes: Tight reserve margins require higher energy output from stations and therefore more coal volumes • Higher coal price: Reliance on more expensive short-term coal contracts due to inadequate investment in new mines and depletion of Eskom mining reserves • Higher transport cost: Under investment in new mines and depleting mine reserves resulting in coal imports from mines further away and transported by road 6

7. Eskom’s funding model, derives both tariffs and other funding sources • Eskom’s regulated revenue (tariff) is intended to cover the cost of current electricity supply • Recovery of prudently incurred costs • - Primary energy • - Operating expenditure • Depreciation on existing assets • Return on existing assets • New plant should ideally be funded from sources other than tariffs • - Retained earnings (reserves) • - New equity from the shareholder • - Borrowings 7

8. We need massive capital expenditure to keep SA’s lights on for the future • Committed new power station projects include Medupi, Kusile, and Ingula • Returning to service Mothballed power stations • Allowance for additional investment decisions Generation Transmission Distribution Average cost of R103bn p.a. during MYPD2 period R&D Rbn R164bn R107bn R131bn R86bn R125bn R104bn R108bn R112bn R96bn R96bn R70bn 24 18 18 12 15 17 10 15 11 13 9 6 5 5 5 4 4 FY09/10 FY10/11 FY11/12 FY12/13 FY13/14 FY14/15 8

9. New build will also drive increases in Eskom’s operating costs New build drives the above inflation increase in operating costs (Rm) • Over the MYPD2 period, operating cost increases in Eskom’s existing business will stay in line with inflation • The overall 11% increase in Eskom’s operating costs during this period will be driven by building new capacity Compound annual growth rate +11% 42 656 2 809 +52% 38 780 1 609 -20% 1 882 35 621 2 275 1 521 6 853 +43% 31 312 3 028 5 637 DSM 800 3 885 3 158 Cost of cover 2 361 New 31 385 +8% 28 986 27 187 Existing 24 993 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13

10. Progress on Funding the operations and capacity In the first instance we have explored the alternative funding options to the tariff increase, these are: • Equity/quasi equity: Government has provided R60bn and approved exploring additional equity options • Borrowings: • Three ECA transactions totalling R27bn • AfDB of R20,7bn • Ongoing negotiation with World Bank (USD $3.75bn) • Guarantees: R176bn government guarantee • We tailored our cashflow to ‘live’ within our means, which translates to deferral and savings in opex and capex of R22bn by March 2010. Eskom still has a R14bn cash shortfall within the MYPD 2 Period

11. 0 Existing capacity added New capacity to come online Ultimately, electricity tariffs need to be aligned with long term economic growth Total system capacity added per 5-year period MW • The MYPD2 application only deals with the next 3 years • The country will need to decide how much of this Eskom will build • For this to happen, tariffs need to be both economic and competitive 17 307 11 438 10 699 9 008 7 162 6 904 7 000 4 081 3 397 2 852 1969-1975 1976-1980 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2015 2016-2020 2021-2028

12. Eskom’s tariff proposal • 35% per year over three years • Price increase over period to 82c/kWh • R14bn cash shortfall for Eskom in 2011/12 and R8bn in 2012/13 • Eskom will look into other funding interventions to address the expected shortfall • A re-opening of the application may be necessary if our funding and other assumptions do not materialise 12

13. The country’s wish for a lower tariff increase will thus mean making choices and trade-offs Areas of opportunity • Demand reduction • Responsibility for new capacity and re-phasing • Cost reductions • Additional funding 13

14. Choices and assumptions: Demand Demand forecast • Sales forecast reduced to include 8.5TWh in savings from DSM over five years (roughly equivalent to the full output of half of a big coal station in one year) • Lower electricity demand helps reduce SA’s carbon footprint and is crucial to ensuring security of supply • All South Africans will need to work together to save electricity 14

15. Choices and assumptions: Supply Responsibility for new capacity and re-phasing *Where cashflows are deferred, it implies that the project, if required to be built by Eskom will be built later. Where the IRP calls for capacity, & if such capacity is to be built by another party, the timelines would remain unaffected. In addition, if any recommendation regarding deferral of cashflows is not aligned with the expectations of Eskom’s role in terms of the final IRP, additional funding may be required to ensure complete alignment. *All choices made in the revised submission are subject to government’s final Integrated Resource Plan • Introducing more IPPs after the MYPD 2 period, in a longer term plan, means capital expenditure for the following projects is now excluded from MYPD2 • Coal 3 • Nuclear • We will optimise the following build projects within reasonable timeframe given contractual and funding constraints • Kusile power station • Sere (wind) power station • We recommend delaying DoE’s IPP until after MYPD2, based on our revised demand forecast All choices made in the revised submission are subject to government’s final Integrated Resource Plan 15

16. Choices and assumptions: Operating costs • During the MYPD2 period, Eskom will work to reduce its overall costs by >R12bn • We will further reduce operating costs by R6.9bn • Reduced demand from DSM will result in R3,4bn in projected primary energy savings over the period • We will further reduce primary energy costs by R1.6bn • Maintenance and road repairs to be excluded after the first year, and covered by provincial government or SANRAL (Eskom to pay a shadow road toll for coal haulage) • These are highly ambitious stretch targets 16

17. Choices and assumptions: Additional funding • We have assumed total borrowings of R123bn over the MYPD2 period: • R40bn in 2010/11 • R43bn in 2011/12 • R40bn in 2012/13 • Compared to our September submission, we are assuming additional borrowings of R8.5bn • We also assume we will source private sectorequity of at least R20bn within 24 months – and our target will be R40bn if possible • However, the current funding plan still requires an additional R7bn for FY10/11 and FY11/12, to close the R14.1bn cash shortfall • Interest cover will reach the targeted ratio of 3 by FY12/13, improving financial flexibility 17

18. Country risks as a result of these choices Risk Implication • Faster recovery in economic growth and electricity demand • Potential insufficient capacity to meet demand Demand • Potential insufficient capacity to meet demand • Potential delays to Kusile, Sere, Nuclear 1, • Regulatory framework for IPPs not put in place in time Capacity Primary energy • Dependency on 3rd party for road quality (timing and safety) • Coal delivery, safety and power outages • Further cash flow challenges • Compromising maintenance and security of supply • Financial risk of not realising efficiency gains sustainably • Slowdown in maintenance activities Cost reductions Additional Funding • Cash flow challenges • Need to re-phase capital investment programme • Assumed high level of borrowings • Access to equity Participation of all stakeholders necessary to manage risks, as not all risk within Eskom’s control Last resort, to re-open price determination 2014-08-08 18

19. 6 Typical suburban household Typical township household What the tariff increase will mean for Eskom’s customers Average monthly electricity charges Rand FBE excluded 2 386 1 777 1 326 7 172 5 344 3 989 2 980 2 258 Typical small farm 18 036 13 457 10 063 7 532 5 911 Small-medium commercial 2008/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 2012/13

20. Government NERSA SANRAL/ provincial government The role of Eskom and stakeholders • Publish a country electricity plan for the next 20 years, clarifying the role of Eskom and IPPs • Clarify policy on renewable and nuclear energy • Create an enabling framework for funding and implementing DSM • Promulgate regulations to implement PCP • Ensure funding to maintain roads to transport coal • Take account of the key role Eskom plays in the economy • Approve and publish rules for the following • Cost recovery mechanism (approved on 26 November 2009) • Procurement for renewable energy • Power conservation programme • Set a tariff path for completing the build programme and introducing IPPs • Ensure repairs and maintenance of roads on which coal for certain power stations is transported

21. Independent Power Producers Eskom Customers The role of Eskom and stakeholders • Commission the capacity indicated in the medium-term power purchase programme and the first phase of the renewable energy feed-in tariff programme • Commission the required capacity on time, based on the country plan • Ensure 86% energy availability is achieved for current power stations (excluding RTS) • Commission return to service plants as planned • Finalise power purchase agreements for IPPs (subject to cost recovery mechanisms and tariff level) • Implement DSM programmes • Support customers with education on energy efficiency • Large industrial and commercial customers to confirm their energy base-line and targeted savings to provide greater demand certainty • Make changes in behaviour and technology to bring down electricity utilisation • Consider an overall target of 8 - 15% energy efficiency improvements for the country over five years

22. Managing these trade-offs will require a compact involving all stakeholders • Develop a country electricity plan • Put all required regulation in place • Enable demand side management programmes • Change behaviours to save energy Customers • Approve funding mechanism and tariff path to complete the new build Government NERSA Ensuring a secure and sustainable future SANRAL/ provinces IPPs • Invest in new capacity, based on the country plan • Ensure maintenance of roads on which coal is transported Eskom • Build new plants on time • Run plants efficiently • Finalise IPP purchase agreements

23. MYPD2 needs to be seen in the context of a long-term country vision • South Africa needs to define overarching objectives for the long term success and sustainability of the economy and the electricity industry • The contribution of various parties to the solution is required, and their respective roles should be made clear • An enabling environment is also required to attract new entrants to the market • A collaborative effort is required between • Government, Eskom and all stakeholders - • including business, communities and • customers • Eskom should focus on what is within • its own capability and capacity, while • other role players execute their own specific mandates 23

24. Conclusion The value proposition of this application remains unchanged • Ensuring continuous supply of power • Setting a foundation for a cleaner and greener future • Building capacity for SA’s future needs • Empowering industrial development and economic growth • Creating employment opportunities • Building confidence in the future

25. Thank you

26. Depreciation MYPD1 Vs MYPD2 • Table on page 86 of ESKOM’s application. • There’s a number of variables at play • It is a complex matter that ESKOM still requests time to respond in detail. • Regulator should allow allow prudently incurred costs and a reasonable return to • ensure investment into the industry and sustainability • The regulatory framework and methodologies should achieve these objectives in an effective manner • Issue is what is best mechanism to achieve objectives