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Non-Bank Financial Institutions

Non-Bank Financial Institutions. Finance Companies, Insurance Companies, Pension Funds, Mutual Funds, and Real Estate Investment Trusts. Non-Bank Financial Institutions. Five categories of Non-Bank financial institutions: Finance Companies Insurance companies Pension Funds Mutual Funds

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Non-Bank Financial Institutions

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  1. Non-Bank Financial Institutions Finance Companies, Insurance Companies, Pension Funds, Mutual Funds, and Real Estate Investment Trusts

  2. Non-Bank Financial Institutions Five categories of Non-Bank financial institutions: • Finance Companies • Insurance companies • Pension Funds • Mutual Funds • Real Estate Investment Trusts

  3. Do not accept deposits. Obtain funds by issuing commercial paper (short-term, unsecured debt). Generate revenues by making loans. Not gov’t regulated like banks. Consumer Loans: Debt consolidation Automobile Loans Home Improvement Loans Manufacturer’s Finance Companies: Loans to customers to purchase products. Finance Companies

  4. Finance Companies Three special kinds of loans associated with finance companies: • Factoring; • Leasing; • Floor Plan Loans. Balance Sheet Summary: Finance Company Assets Liabilities Business Loans Capital Consumer Loans Commercial Paper Mortgages cash

  5. Transform Risk. Spread cost over a large group of policy holders Insurance Types: Casualty Life Types of Life Insurance: Term Life -payment made only if death occurred during the term policy Whole Life -premiums build-up a balance to be paid upon death, or borrowed prior. Insurance Companies

  6. Insurance Companies • Premiums paid by policyholders are invested in a portfolio. • Insurance companies make money by getting a greater rate of return on their investment than what they need to pay-out in claims. • Cash Flows required by life insurance companies are more predictable than those for casualty insurance companies. Balance Sheet Summary: Insurance Company Assets Liabilities Corporate Bonds Insurance Policies Government Bonds Capital Corporate Stocks Commercial Mortgages Cash

  7. Exist to pay retirement and death benefits to members. Typically created by large employers/employer groups. Plan creator is called the sponsor. Income and capital gains for the pension fund are tax-deferred. Pension Plan Types: Defined Benefit Plan Defined Contribution Plan Pension Funds

  8. Pension Funds Sponsors can manage the fund themselves or hire an external manger (commercial banks and insurance companies). Balance Sheet Summary: Pension Funds Assets Liabilities Stocks Reserves Bonds Real Estate Cash

  9. Sell shares to investors, use proceeds to purchase securities in accordance with the firm’s prospectus. Mutual Fund advantages are especially important to small investors. Mutual Fund Advantages: Professional Management Diversification Low Transaction Fees Mutual Funds

  10. Balance Sheet Summary: Mutual Funds Assets Liabilities Stocks Shares Gov’t - Secured Home Mortgage Pools Government Bonds Corporate Bonds Money Market Instruments Mutual Funds • NAV (Net Asset Value) equals the value of the funds assets less debts and other obligations. • NAV is calculated daily and is both the buy and sell price.

  11. Mutual Funds • NAV Calculation: • Given: • Common Stock Value: $10,000 • Margin Obligations: $5,000 • Cash & Money Mkt: $2,000 • Shares Outstanding: 1,000 • Calculation: • NAV = $10,000-$5,000+$2,000 = $7,000 • NAV/share = $7,000/1,000 = $7/share

  12. Mutual Funds • NAV Calculation: • Given: • Shares Purchased: 100 • Cash Received: $700 • Calculation: • NAV = $10,000-$5,000+$2,700 = $7,700 • NAV/share = $7,700/1,100 = $7/share

  13. Mutual Funds • Mutual Funds do not pay taxes, but the shareholders pay taxes on their share of earnings and realized capital gains. • The funds purpose/focus is always stated in the prospectus, which must be followed.

  14. Special class of closed-end investment companies Do not pay corporate taxes. Required to distribute at least 95%. 95% of earnings must be from real estate, or gov’t securities. Real Estate Investment Trusts

  15. Pension Funds Sponsors can manage the fund themselves or hire an external manger (commercial banks and insurance companies). Balance Sheet Summary: Mortgage REITs Assets Liabilities Mortgages Capital Government Securities Balance Sheet Summary: Equity REITs Assets Liabilities Real Estate Mortgages Capital

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