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IT 10103

IT 10103. Introduction to Information Technology CHAPTER 04. Computers. Basic Components needed for a functioning computer. Basic Components. Motherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory (RAM) Video Card/Adapter. Basic Components. Hard Drive Optical Drive Case Power Supply.

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IT 10103

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  1. IT 10103 Introduction to Information Technology CHAPTER 04

  2. Computers Basic Components needed for a functioning computer

  3. Basic Components Motherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory (RAM) Video Card/Adapter

  4. Basic Components Hard Drive Optical Drive Case Power Supply

  5. Basic Components Monitor Keyboard Mouse Operating System (OS) Floppy Drive

  6. Modern Computers ATX computers are the current standard form-factor for PCs

  7. The System Unit The Case that contains electronic components Mini-Tower Mid-Tower Full-Tower Desktop Micro-ATX

  8. The Motherboard System Board – The main circuit board of the system unit ASROCK “K7VT6“ ASROCK “P4V88 RAID

  9. The Motherboard Motherboard Chipsets Those components that allow the motherboard and other parts of a computer to function together

  10. The Motherboard Some Motherboard Manufacturers

  11. The Motherboard Motherboard Key is to make sure your motherboard supports the CPU, RAM, and expansion cards you plan on using

  12. The Processor “The Brains of the Computer” Components Control Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit

  13. The Processor Control Unit Reads & Interprets Program Instructions Directs the Operation of the Processor Controls the flow of programs and data into and out of memory

  14. The Processor Arithmetic & Logic Unit Arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Logic: Comparisons (And, Or, Not)

  15. The Processor Machine Cycle Fetch Decode Execute Store

  16. The Processor Fetch Calls an instruction into memory

  17. The Processor Decode Figures out what the instruction is trying to do

  18. The Processor Execute Does the decoded instruction Add 2+2

  19. The Processor Store Puts the answer 4 into memory for use by another instruction

  20. The Processor Pipelining Executing multiple instructions at the same time

  21. The Processor The System Clock A Crystal Oscillator on the Motherboard that paces the machine cycle

  22. The Processor Clock Cycle Measured in MHz or GHz Megahertz = 1,000,000 cycles/sec Gigahertz = 1,000,000,000 cycles/sec

  23. The Processor Clock Cycle One clock cycle is calculated by dividing 1 by the MHz or GHz Example: (800 MHz CPU) 1/800,000,000 = 0.00000000125 or 1.25 nanoseconds (nano = billionth) (1.25 billionths of a second)

  24. The Processor Clock Cycle The shorter the clock cycle the faster the processor

  25. The Processor Types of Processors AMD Athlon X2 INTEL Core2Duo

  26. The Processor CPU Installation ZIF Socket = Zero-Insertion Force Socket

  27. The Processor CPU Installation Heat Sinks & Fans

  28. CPU 01 Control CPU Answer CPU 02 The Processor Parallel Processing Multiple processors work together to complete a set of instructions

  29. The Processor Dual-Core Processors AMD Athlon X2 INTEL Core2Duo

  30. The Processor Data Representation ANALOG DIGITAL BINARY SYSTEM (2)

  31. The Processor Bit = 0 or 1 Byte = 8 bits Byte = Character (ABC, 012, etc)

  32. The Processor Hertz a unit of frequency of electrical vibrations equal to one cycle per second

  33. The Processor MHz – Megahertz Mega = Million GHz – Gigahertz Giga = Billion THz – Terahertz Tera = Trillion

  34. INTEL Pentium 3 Celeron Celeron-D Pentium-M Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Extreme Edition Xeon Itanium Core2Duo

  35. AMD Athlon Duron Sempron Athlon XP Athlon MP Opteron Athlon 64 Athlon 64 FX Athlon X2

  36. The Processor Where to find information about Processors: www.amd.com www.intel.com www.newegg.com www.mwave.com www.pricewatch.com

  37. MEMORY Random Access Memory (RAM)

  38. MEMORY Kilobyte (KB/K) = 1,024 bytes or 210 Megabyte (MB/M) = 1,048,576 bytes or 220 Gigabyte (GB/G) = 1,073,741,824 bytes or 230

  39. MEMORY Memory Speeds: Millisecond = One-thousandth/sec Microsecond = One-millionth/sec Nanosecond = One-billionth/sec Picosecond = One-trillionth/sec

  40. MEMORY Most common form of memory is Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

  41. MEMORY Common RAM TypesSDRAM DDR SDRAM

  42. MEMORY Common RAM TypesDDR2 SDRAM RDRAM (RAMBUS)

  43. MEMORY Common DDR SDRAM Types

  44. MEMORY How Much RAM do I Need? 256 MB Minimum for Windows XP 512 MB Minimum for Audio/Video Editing 1000 MB Minimum for 3D Design/Animation 2000 MB for Windows XP x64 2000 MB for Windows Vista x32 4000 MB for Windows Vista x64

  45. MEMORY CACHE High Speed Memory that stores instructions and data for frequent use

  46. MEMORY L1 Cache – CPU - Fastest 8 KB to 128 KB 2-4ns L2 Cache – Motherboard - Slower 64 KB to 4 MB 3-6ns L3 Cache – Motherboard – Slower 256 KB – 4 MB 4-8ns

  47. MEMORY Read Only Memory (ROM) Cannot Erase Stores Permanent Data and Instructions

  48. MEMORY BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is the built-in software that determines what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk

  49. MEMORY Flash Memory Can be erased electronically CMOS - Uses a Battery to retain data Also external form available:

  50. Expansion Slots Expands the capabilities of a computer

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