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How to provide high amount of EGR in diesel engines while maintaining low engine fuel consumption?

How to provide high amount of EGR in diesel engines while maintaining low engine fuel consumption? Preliminary (short) litterature survey. Eric Ollivier CICERO meeting, 07/02/16. NOx fuel consumption trade-offs. US 07 NOx-Scenarios. Injection (pressure, timing, strategy …). Intensified EGR

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How to provide high amount of EGR in diesel engines while maintaining low engine fuel consumption?

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  1. How to provide high amount of EGR in diesel engines while maintaining low engine fuel consumption? Preliminary (short) litterature survey. Eric Ollivier CICERO meeting, 07/02/16

  2. NOx fuel consumption trade-offs US 07 NOx-Scenarios Injection (pressure, timing, strategy …) Intensified EGR cooling From MTZ, 07/01 : Correlation between emissions reduction and fuel consumption in passenger car DI diesel engines (study supported by FFV workgroup) [4].

  3. Scania´s strategy for NOx emissions reduction Emissions control techniques on Scania’s current range of truck engines (from www. greencarcongress.com , www.scania.com) US 07 ? EGR : - Euro 4 : 18% of EGR , Euro 5 : 25% of EGR - Non Turbocompound engines : Venturi valve(suction effect) - Turbocompound engines : Additional backpressure(No need of venturi valve) - Fuel consumption of Euro 4 engines comparable to the Euro 3 engines Euro 5 : High pressure injection system : Scania XPI

  4. No additional fuel consumption ! Fuel consumption ? Regulated Two-stage Turbocharging System, R2S (on 4 cyl. 4,6L engines, other?) Low pressure stage turbocharger wastegate MAN´s strategy for NOx emissions reduction (from www. ae-plus.com , www.man.com) Europe :-Euro 4 :EGR + PM catalyst - Euro 5 :EGR + PM catalyst or AdBlue/SCR US 07 ? High pressure stage turbocharger Air charge cooler bypass (VGT as an alternative to the bypass valve)

  5. Volvo´s strategy for NOx emissions reduction (from www. greencarcongress.com) Europe :- Exhaust gas aftertreatment with AdBlue/SCR catalyst cleaning (followed in this way by Daimler-Chrysler) - Euro 4 : 3-4% AdBlue , Euro 5 : 5-7% AdBlue - EGR not given up US EPA 07 :-EGR + Diesel Particles Filter - On Volvo D11, D13 and D16 Resulting fuel consumption ?

  6. (High EGR rate) SAE Papers (1999-2006) : • - EGR circuit compound (2) • Advanced turbocharging system (5) • EGR / VGT control systems (8) • Advanced turbocharging systems + EGR circuit compounds (2) • Others (3) US 07 NOx - Scenarios

  7. EGR circuit compound : Low pressure loop : • Advantages : • The EGR can be cooled twice • P4 > P1 • Drawbacks • Low response time • - Condensation & fouling

  8. EGR circuit compound : High pressure loop : • Advantages : • - No condensation and fouling • Drawbacks : • - High charge inlet temperature • P2 can be higher than P3 • Coordination of EGR valve/VGT vanes High or Low pressure loop? -17 papers : 17 HP loops , 2 LP loops

  9. Increase in EGR mass flow by a EGR route with reduced pressure drop (Bushwald et al. 2006) EGR circuit compound : Effect of pressure losses on EGR rate :

  10. EGR circuit compound : Effect of charge cooling on EGR rate : Tin = 40ºC, required cooling power < 20 kW Charge inlet temperature for a EU4 base engine, VNT TC, HP-EGR. (Bushawald et al., 2006) Increase of EGR rate at constant A/F-ratio through a modified charge air and EGR cooling system; Reference EU4 base engine (Buchwald et al., 2006)

  11. EGR circuit compound : Effect of EGR temperature on charge temperature and volumetric efficiency : (Serrano et al., 2005)

  12. Advanced turbocharging system : Required amount of EGR 20% Compressor Efficiency : 77% Turbine Efficiency : 75% Virtual turbocharging system enabling to reach sufficient amount of EGR to fulfill Euro 5 (Langridge et al. , 2002)

  13. 2 radial compressor wheels in series Advanced turbocharging system : The Low speed turbo by Garett Engine boosting System (S. Arnold, 2004)

  14. Advanced turbocharging system : Performance of the LST compressor stage against the state of the art single stage compressor (Arnold, 2004)

  15. Advanced turbocharging system : Intermediate EGR route, (Arnold 2004)

  16. Advanced turbocharging system : Compressor, turbine and oerall turbo efficiency at full load against engine speed, (Arnold 2004)

  17. Advanced turbocharging system : New turbocharging strategies to reach EURO 5 : Study of a 2 stage turbocharging system very similar to MAN-BorgWarner R2S by (Buchwald et al., 2006) Aim : combustion lambda λc= 2 Inlet charge temperature = 40ºC EGR-rate = 60%

  18. Advanced turbocharging system : New turbocharging strategies to reach EURO 5 : 2 stage turbocharging system Full load compressor map

  19. Advanced turbocharging system : New turbocharging strategies to reach EURO 5 : 2 stage turbocharging system 25% 90% Full load characteristics of the engine

  20. Advanced turbocharging system : New turbocharging strategies to reach EURO 5 : 2 stage turbocharging system Maximum overall TC efficiency for the 2 stage TC and the VNT TC at maximum EGR (Buchwald et al., 2006)

  21. Advanced turbocharging system : New turbocharging strategies to reach EURO 5 : 2 stage turbocharging system Results in transient modes

  22. High amount of EGR : • - To limit the amount of O2 in the combustion chamber • Increase the heat capacity of the mixture • High efficiency cooling device : • Increase the density and the temperature of the Air/EGR mixture • Results in : • Low combustion temperature and significant NOx emission reduction • Increase PM • Slight increase of consumption

  23. Eu4

  24. Emission Standards for HD Diesel Engines

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