2014 Weed Control Tactics – Alabama Vegetable Conference

1. 2014 Weed Control Tactics – Alabama Vegetable Conference Stanley Culpepper UGA Tifton Campus

2. Weed Control Responsibilities

3. Weed Management At Its Best Cultural Mechanical Herbicide/ Fumigant

4. Agronomic Weed Control Cultural Mechanical Herbicide

5. Resistance Impacts Agronomic Crops

6. Changes in Herbicide Management 2002: $24/A 2010: $63/A Roundup + Valor Burndown1 Gramoxone + Reflex + Direx PRE Roundup + Staple POST 1 Roundup + Dual POST 2 Direx + MSMA PD Roundup Burndown Roundup POST 1 Roundup POST 2 Roundup + diuron PD

7. 2004: 17% of growers hand-weeded 5% cotton acres at $2.40/A 2010: 92% of growers hand-weeded 52% cotton acres at $23.70/A Photo by A.C. York 2010

8. Tillage is now a common scene 2004: 13.1% of cotton acres cultivated 2010: 32.1% of cotton acres cultivated Herbicide incorporation: 264,266 A (26.7%) Deep turn: 256,075 A last 3 yr

9. Weed Management At Its Best Cultural Mechanical DIVERSIFICATION Herbicide/ Fumigant

10. Replacing Methyl Bromide – Great Progress Breakout session-this afternoon

11. Herbicides for Specialty Crops Many believe few options currently available with few products on the horizon!

12. New GA Veggie Labels Last 7 Yr 1. Chateau tomato RM 2. Chateau pepper RM 3. Chateau eggplant RM 4. Chateau watermelon RM 5. Chateau cantaloupe RM 6. Chateau cucumber RM 7. Chateau squash RM 8. Dual Magnum pepper topical 9. Dual Magnum broccoli topical 10. Dual Magnum cabbage topical 11. Dual Magnum collards topical 12. Dual Magnum cauliflower topical 13. Reflex tomato preplant 14. Reflex pepper preplant 15. Caparol in Okra 16. Sandea in Okra 17. Dual Mag. Carrot 18. Dual Mag. Watermelon 19. Dual Mag Cantaloupe 20. Dual Mag. Sweet Potato 21. Dual Mag. POST in Tomato 22. Dual Mag. POST in Beans 23. Dual Mag. POST in Kale 24. Dual Mag. POST in Collard 25. Reflex in Watermelon 26. Reflex in Squash 27. Reflex in Pumpkin 28. Treflan - Intercropping

13. Grower Standard + Future Product? Grower Standard (not a check!!) Notice pigweed

14. Herbicides More Available for GA Vegetable Growers 4 NEW HERBICIDE USES PER YEAR ON AVERAGE OVER LAST 7 YEARS

15. Why So Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of Ag

16. Why So Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of Ag Syngenta Indemnified Labels Valent 3rd party registration

17. Why So Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of Ag Syngenta Indemnified Labels Valent 3rd party registration IR-4

18. Limitations and Concerns • Limited number of scientists working in specialty crops. • Most growers scared to death of herbicides

19. Limitations and Concerns 1. Limited number of scientists working in specialty crops. - most of our labels 10-12 studies - new corn label 550 studies

20. Dual PRE Dual POST

21. Herbicide Injury Greatly influenced by excess moisture, cold, and incorrect spray calibration.

22. Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them 1. Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed

23. GreenLeaf TwinJet Air Induction There is a fine line between drift management and weed control!

24. Table 1. ASAE S-572.1 Spray Tip Classification by Droplet Size1. 1Source: TeeJet Technologies Catalog 51, page 136. 2VMD = Volume median diameter.

25. Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them • Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed • Adjuvants – some products need

26. Photo credit: Webster

27. Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them • Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed • Adjuvants – some products need • Persistence

28. No Reflex Reflex 1 pt/A applied 205 days before transplanting

29. Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them • Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed • Adjuvants – some products need • Persistence • Relationship with mulch

30. Roundup Preplant No Roundup

31. Sandea Dissipation on Mulch 65% 6%

32. Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them • Droplet Size –nozzle, pressure, speed • Adjuvants – some products need • Persistence • Relationship with mulch • Labels – www.cdms.net • Extension/Manufacture/Dealer

33. Weed Management At Its Best Cultural Mechanical DIVERSIFICATION Mechanical Herbicide/ Fumigant • Tillage • Pre-plant • cultivation • after harvest

35. Number of Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.* No Deep Tillage Deep Turn No Herbicide Treatment

37. Influence of burial depth on Palmer amaranth emergence Keeley et al. (1987) reported 36-44% emergence at 0-1”, 7% at 2”, and 2% at 3”.

38. Deep Turn Drilled

39. Nutsedge Number 1 Problem in Plastic

40. Don’t plow unless you have to!!!!!!!!!!

42. Weed Management At Its Best Cultural Mechanical DIVERSIFICATION Cultural Herbicide/ Fumigant • Crop rotation • Plant population • Row spacing • Planting date • Cover crops

43. Rolling Creates a Mulch that is Critical in Reducing Palmer amaranth Emergence

44. After Cover is Terminated and it Rains; Planting will be Ideal for a Significant Amount of Time

45. Rye Mulch Reduces Palmer Emergence 70 to 95% control in middle

46. Rye/Mulch System

47. Palmer amaranth plants per acre as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. 88,015 d 30,350 c 7830 b 2465 a no herbicide no rye no herbicide rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye

48. Annual grass plants per acre as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. 62350 c 1740 b 2030 b 435 a no herbicide no rye no herbicide rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye

49. Yellow nutsedge plants per acre as influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. 44,805 d 8845 c 5945 b 2900 a no herbicide no rye no herbicide rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye

50. Rye/Mulch System Fumigant under mulch if wanted