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Chapter 6 Outline

Chapter 6 Outline. 6.1 The Study of Genetics in Humans Is Constrained by Special Features of Human Biology and Culture, 135 6.2 Geneticists Often Use Pedigrees to Study the Inheritance of Characteristics in Humans, 136

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Chapter 6 Outline

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  1. Chapter 6 Outline • 6.1 The Study of Genetics in Humans Is Constrained by Special Features of Human Biology and Culture, 135 • 6.2 Geneticists Often Use Pedigrees to Study the Inheritance of Characteristics in Humans, 136 • 6.3 Analysis of Pedigrees Requires Recognizing Patterns Associated with Different Modes of Inheritance, 136 • 6.4 The Study of Twins Can Be Used to Assess the Importance of Genes and Environment on Variation in a Trait, 142

  2. Chapter 6 Outline • 6.5 Adoption Studies Are Another Technique for Examining the Effects of Genes and Environment on Variation in Traits, 145 • 6.6 Genetic Counseling Provides Information to Those Concerned about Genetic Diseases and Traits, 146 • 6.7 Genetic Testing Provides Information about the Potential for Inheriting or Developing a Genetic Condition, 147 • 6.8 Comparison of Human and Chimpanzee Genomes Is Helping to Reveal Genes That Make Humans Unique, 151

  3. 6.1 The Study of Genetics in Humans Is Constrained by Special Features of Human Biology and Culture • Special features: • Controlled mating is not possible • Long generation time • Small family size

  4. 6.2 Geneticists Often Use Pedigrees to Study the Inheritance of Characteristics in Humans • Pedigree: pictorial representation of a family history, a family tree that outlines the inheritance of one or more characteristics • Proband: the person with whom the pedigree is initiated

  5. 6.3 Analysis of Pedigrees Requires Recognizing Patterns Associated with Different Modes of Inheritance • Autosome Recessive Traits

  6. 6.3 Analysis of Pedigrees Requires Recognizing Patterns Associated with Different Modes of Inheritance • Autosomal Dominant Traits

  7. 6.3 Analysis of Pedigrees Requires Recognizing Patterns Associated with Different Modes of Inheritance • X-Linked Recessive Traits

  8. 6.3 Analysis of Pedigrees Requires Recognizing Patterns Associated with Different Modes of Inheritance • X-Linked Dominant Traits

  9. 6.3 Analysis of Pedigrees Requires Recognizing Patterns Associated with Different Modes of Inheritance • Y-Linked Traits

  10. 6.4 The Study of Twins Can Be Used to Assess the Importance of Genes and Environment on Variation in a Trait • Dizygotic twins = non-identical twins • Monozygotic twins = identical twins • Concordant trait: the trait shared by both members of a twin pair • Concordance: the percentage of twin pairs that are concordant for a trait

  11. 6.4 The Study of Twins Can Be Used to Assess the Importance of Genes and Environment on Variation in a Trait • Twin Studies and Obesity

  12. 6.6 Genetic Counseling Provides Information to Those Concerned about Genetic Diseases and Traits • Genetic counseling: provides information related to hereditory conditions

  13. 6.8 Comparison of Human and Chimpanzee Genomes Is Helping to Reveal Genes That Make Humans Unique • Microcephalin 1 to microcephalin 6 regulates human brain size. • FOXP 2 regulates human speech.

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