Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission

1. Report on the Drug Problem in the AmericasAmbassador Paul E. SimonsExecutive Secretary Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD)Committee on Hemispheric SecurityOrganization of American StatesFebruary 7, 2013

2. “ The region’s leaders held an invaluable discussion on the global drug problem. We agreed on the need to analyze the results of the current policy in the Americas and to explore new approaches to strengthen this struggle and to become more effective. We have issued the OAS a mandate to that end.” Juan Manuel Santos President of Colombia Closing speech at VI Summit of the Americas

3. Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission • 25 Years of Accomplishment: • Policy Development • Multilateral Evaluation • Institutional Strengthening • Capacity Building

4. Rio Plan of Action - April 1986 Political milestone: • Hemispheric cooperation increasingly vital to effective efforts to reduce demand for drugs, prevent drug abuse, and combat unlawful drug trafficking. Programmatic vision: • Effective Inter-American response in research, information exchange, training, and mutual assistance

5. Anti-Drug Strategy in the Hemisphere, 1996 • Shared Responsibility • Global perspective • International Cooperation • Balanced approach between demand and supply reduction

6. HemisphericDrugStrategyand Plan of Action, 2011-2015 • Human rights • Vulnerable groups • Gender • Public affairs efforts • Drug dependency as a chronic, relapsing disease • Evidence-based policies • Inclusive, multi-stakeholder approach

7. Policy development – Demand Reduction • Declaration of Principles on Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation in the Hemisphere • Hemispheric Guidelines on School Prevention and Workplace Prevention Impact: More than 20 Countries have developed school prevention programs using the Hemispheric Guidelines.

8. Policy Development: Supply Reduction • Model regulations on chemical control • Guide for private sector chemical/pharmaceutical support • Guide on internet diversion of pharmaceuticals • Model legislation on submersibles and semi submersibles Impact: 24 CICAD countries have developed norms on precursors and chemical controls

9. Policy Development: Drug Legislation • CICAD is developing first compilation of drugs laws in the hemisphere • CICAD experts conducting comparative studies on legislative and regulatory regimes in place in member countries. Impact: Data base and studies will provide CICAD members valuable comparative tool to upgrade legislation.

10. Multilateral Evaluation 1998 Summit of the Americas mandates design of a mechanism for multilateral evaluation of country drug policies Impact: During its first 12 years, MEM has assigned member states a total of 2,053 recommendations. CICAD member states are currently adapting the MEM to evaluate country complicance with the Hemispheric Drug Strategy and Plan of Action.

11. Institutional Strengthening: Drug Control Growth of National Drug Control authorities and National Drug policies Impact: More than 16 Countries have developed national studies, drug information systems, and surveys on drugs. 11 Countries have developed their National Drug Policy following CICAD’s Guidelines

12. Institutional Strengthening: Observatories Building a National Drugs Observatory: A Joint Handbook (EMCDDA-CICAD) Impact: More than 16 Countries have developed national studies, drug information systems, and surveys on drugs with CICAD’s assistance.

13. Evidence Based Tools to Guide Policy • Statistical Summary on Drugs (1999, 2001, 2003) • Comparative Study on Drugs in the Americas (2003) • Final report to estimate the socio economic costs of drugs in the Americas (2005) • Youth and Drugs in South American Countries: a challenge to drug policies (2006) • Relationship between Drugs and Crime among Youth Offenders (2010) • Sub-regional Report on Drug Use in Secondary School Population (2010) • Drug Consumption in incarcerated population and the relationship between crime and drugs (2010) • Comparative Analysis of Student Drug Use in Caribbean Countries (2010) • Report on Drug Use in the Americas (2011)

14. Institutional Strengthening: Drug Treatment Courts • Court-monitored drug treatment programs as alternative to incarceration • Consistent with new Hemispheric Drug Strategy • Seminars and training for judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and treatment providers. Impact: Program expanding from base countries (U.S., Canada, Chile, Jamaica, Mexico) to Argentina, Trinidad, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic .

15. Institution Building: Money Laundering • Development of model regulations on money laundering Impact: More than 17 Countries established and/or strengthened Financial Intelligence Units in Latin America with CICAD assistance.

16. Institution Building: University Outreach • Introduced drug content into Graduate and Post Graduate curricula • Expanded university outreach and research on drug related themes. • Developed multidisciplinary model of partnership with universities in 27 countries in hemisphere. Impact: Introduction of drug related themes into nursing, medicine, public health, education, psychology, law, and social science faculties.

17. Capacity Building: Money Laundering • Courses for Judges and Prosecutors, Agents of law enforcement on Money Laundering • Mock trials and investigations Impact: • More investigators • Better judicial decisions • More money confiscated

18. Capacity Building: Law Enforcement • Andean Regional Counterdrug Intelligence School (ERCAIAD) – only regional counterdrug intelligence facility. • Impact: 1,500 officers trained in last 12 years; program may be expanded to the Caribbean. • Trainers: Regional and International • Expertise • Perspective

19. Capacity Building: Drug Treatment Counselors • Integrated approach to capacity building through training and certification of drug prevention and treatment counselors. Impact: • Expansion from Central America and Mexico to the Caribbean • 26 Countries participating • More than 2,500 Treatment institutions • 3,100 trained (2007-2011) • Initial assessment in El Salvador suggest “that patients participating in treatment were positively impacted”* * An outcome evaluation of Drug Abuse Treatment in El Salvador.

20. Our People: Key to CICAD’s Success Executive Secretariat: - 40 top-notch professionals drawn from across the drug control spectrum: statisticians, public health professionals, lawyers, social workers, pharmacists, prosecutors, political scientists and economists. • Multinational, multilingual staff drawn from 13 countries, united in passion and commitment to public service. • Impact: Technical knowledge, program skills, and familiarity with member state concerns

21. Summit Report: Background • VI Summit of the Americas in Cartagena, Colombia April 2012 mandated the OAS to: • Study results of existing drug policies in the Americas. • Explore new approaches.

22. Two Part Mandate • Analytical report: Explore existing policy environment; examine a broad range of options to strengthen policies and improve implementation. • Scenario report: Examine possible drug scenarios to 2025 – relevant, challenging, clear and plausible

23. Methodology • Analytical report • Examine strengths and weaknesses of current policy mechanisms as well as the institutional capacities and challenges faced by member states. • Shed light on the varied dynamics of the drug phenomenon in each sub-region. • Draw in contributions from international organizations (PAHO, Intermaerican Development Bank, CEPAL), academic community, civil society, and member state experiences. • Outreach efforts to ensure that subregional concerns are incorporated.

24. Methodology • Scenario Report • Designed to play out possible outcomes or consequences of new approachesthrough 2025. • Carried out by 46 stakeholder leaders in various fields relevant to the drug phenomenon. • Central element: 75 stakeholder interviews, analytical report; two scenario workshops

25. Framework of the analytic report: Five areas of study • Drugs and development • Drugs and public health • Drugs and security • Drug production and supply • Legal and regulatory approaches to the drug problem

26. Timeline : Analytical Report July 2012: Agreement on Terms of Reference Solicitation from member states of experts August 2012: Identification of initial experts September 2012: Organizational meeting, Washington DC October 2012: Invitation of 40 additional collaborators September – November 2012: Preparation of five initial chapter drafts December 2012: Coordination meeting to review initial chapter

27. Timeline : Analytical Report January 2013: Second drafts received, sent to scenario team February 2013: Third draft prepared, sent to scenario team prior to next workshop March 2013: Fourth draft prepared following second scenario workshop March – May 2013: Finalize and publish report together with scenario report

28. Outreach Consultations • Money Laundering Group of Experts, Buenos Aires, September 17-18 • Demand Reduction Group of Experts, Washington DC, October 2-4 • COPOLAD meeting on synthetic drugs, October 20, Mar del Plata • Andean countries meeting, Quito, October 10

29. Outreach Consultations • Social integration meeting, Santiago, October 29-30 • Alternative Development meeting in Lima, November 14-16 • CICAD Commission meeting, Costa Rica, November 28-30 • Caribbean countries consultation, Trinidad, January 15/16 • Central America security: San Salvador January 18

30. Advisory Committee Meetings November 1, 2012 December 18, 2012 February 21, 2013

31. Preliminary Findings -- Overall • Diversity and dynamism of drug problem in the Americas • Drug consumption problem shared throughout hemisphere • Impact of Hemispheric Drug Report and Plan of Action 2011-2015 • Winds of change in policy debate • Institutional structures improving but still weak

32. Preliminary Findings -- Overall • Weaknesses in drug information and research • Resource shortages, particularly on demand reduction side • Absence of policy diagnosis and evidence in the development of public policies

33. Drugs and Development • Importance of human dimension of drug problem • Weak incorporation of drugs into broader economic and social development policies. • Importance of vulnerable groups

34. Drugs and Public Health • Overall scope of illicit drug use in the hemisphere. • Weaknesses in drug research and drug consumption survey work. • Overall ability of OAS member states to meet their drug prevention and treatment obligations

35. Areas of Study Drugs and Public Health • What subregional, regional, and global trends in drug consumption can we identify? • How are countries managing efforts to approach drug use from a public health perspective? • What have we learned from trends in treatment and prevention? Successes? Failures?

36. Drugs and Security • Exploration of complex relationship between organized crime related violence and drugs. • Impact of ingrained violence levels in more liberalized drug control environment. • Importance of illegal arms trafficking and money laundering. • Institutional responses and challenges to public and citizen security

37. Areas of StudyDrugs and Security • How closely is the drug problem related to transnational organized crime? Can the two be divorced? • What challenges has the drug problem placed on democratic governance? On human rights? • What practical approaches to strengthening law enforcement and judicial institutions can help improve citizen security? • How can the problem of burgeoning prison populations be addressed?

38. Drug Production • Dynamic nature of drug cultivation, production and trafficking • All-Colombian U.S. cocaine as an aging, declining market; Bolivian/Peruvian cocaine shifting to Southern Cone and European/African markets. • Heroin production shifting from Colombia to Mexico • Marijuana local and ubiquitous, save for Mexican impact on U.S. market • Importance of synthetics, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.

39. Areas of Study Production and supply of drugs • What are current/changing trends in the hemisphere on drug production and supply? • What have been the policy successes of reducing illicit production and supply of drugs? And the failures? • Is hemispheric drug policy overly “cocaine-ized”? • How will growth in synthetic drugs and diversion of pharmaceutical products transform regional drug policy? • Does the concept of “transit” country still make sense?

40. Legal and Regulatory Changes • Tradeoffs and policy challenges involved in legal and regulatory alternatives. • Analysis of international conventions. • Decriminalization initiatives underway. • Policy activism on cannabis – Uruguay, U.S. state initiatives • Impact of broader liberalization on consumption, public health, violence.

41. Areas of Study Legal and regulatory approaches • How have different legal and regulatory approaches to drugs affected drug consumption and related criminality in the hemisphere? • What can we learn from experiences from pharmaceuticals, alcohol and tobacco control efforts? • How do regional and global approaches to legal and regulatory structures interact? • How can legal and regulatory experiences from Europe and Asia inform the policy debate in the Americas?

42. Key Challenges • A report that speaks to the divergent concerns of the 34 OAS member states. • A report that is “evidence based” in an environment of scarce evidence. • A report that is not dead on arrival due to perceived political bias. • A report that contains fresh perspectives • A report that does not answer all the questions but poses new ones.

43. Key Challenges (cont.) • A report that is useful to the scenario team as it looks ahead. • A report that is inclusive in terms of different subregional and research perspectives. • A report that is free of ideological jargon and ideological bias. • A report that avoids simple solutions to complex problems.

44. Ambassador Paul E. SimonsExecutive Secretary PSimons@oas.orgwww.CICAD.OAS.org Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission Secretariat for Multidimensional Security Organization of American States 1889 F Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20006, USATel: +1 (202) 458-3178 ~ Fax: +1(202)458-3658