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The History of the Computer

The History of the Computer . The Convergence of Institutional Technology to the Personal Home By Janae Hill & Katie Fischer. After World War II: . 1958- 1st Integrated Circuit (Computer Chip) 1971-1st Microprocessor (Intel 4004) 1974- 1st Consumer Computer Kits (MITS Altair)

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The History of the Computer

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  1. The History of the Computer The Convergence of Institutional Technology to the Personal Home By Janae Hill & Katie Fischer

  2. After World War II: 1958- 1st Integrated Circuit (Computer Chip) 1971-1st Microprocessor (Intel 4004) 1974- 1st Consumer Computer Kits (MITS Altair) -Build yourself, no keyboard, no visual display, only output is flashing lights, $400

  3. Computer Technologygets ready for Mass Distribution. • Birth of several up-and-coming corporate entities, entering a hostile, time-sensitive atmosphere. • Computing is introduced into a highly competitive market, ensuing major legal battles and defining both institutional needs and personal needs at an exponential rate. • All actions and developments historically determine technological advances for their market, and for society as a whole. Human-Factors Perspective Programming: A New Horizon

  4. Microsoft & Apple • 1975- Foundation of Microsoft • Bill Gates & Paul Allen • Software programs for Altair called BASIC • 1976- Foundation of Apple • Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak • Apple 1 sells 200 units • Legal conflict between the two entities, involving the licensing of GUI’s: Resulting in a patent cross-licensing agreement into the 21st century.

  5. The Computer is Designed for Personal Use • 1981-  1st commercially available portable PC • -Osborne 1 • -5 inch monitor, 23.5 pounds, $1800 • 1983- 1st Graphical User Interface (GUI) • -Apple’s Lisa Computer was beaten to the market by the Mac for $2,500(today: 5,000) • 1984 - William Gibson first terms ‘cyberspace’ used in Neuromancer • 1988- 1st foldable laptop by Compaq, for $5400

  6. Initial Advertisements are Introduced during the Super Bowl • Around 45 million PC’s sold in the US • Made possible by computer manufacturing taking over human labor, and allowing humans to program specific details. • Lifestyle now possible to become adopted by the mass market

  7. Unchartered Sea: WWW • 1991 • -WWW introduced • 1994 • -Yahoo introduced • 1995 • -Java, Amazon, Ebay, Hotmail introduced • 1998 • -Google and Paypalintroduced New grounds for transformation: Open for new social behaviors, unexpected regulations, growth/decline in several industries.

  8. From Analog to Digital: • Sharing files: File compression allows mass multimedia exchange. • 2002- 1 billionth PC sold in US • 2007 1st ‘netbook’ by Asustek • Lightweight & Low cost • 2008 Sales of laptops overtake sales of desktops for the first time Discussion: Audio, video, pictorial – Digital compression allows the user to carry their entire (record) library in their pocket. But at what cost? Is this massive exchange of knowledge and data exponentially exceeding our ability to thoroughly learn and stay up to date? “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.” – Albert Einstein. (1879 -1955)

  9. Convergence of technology AND lifestyle • Combination of calendars, contacts syncing, icloud/dropbox, compatible crossover between operating systems more than ever, various operating systems. • Ability to access information and media quickly and efficiently, from a handheld device. • The computer is commonly used and accepted: Generally speaking, most users acknowledge they want to learn a software or operating system, not necessarily ‘the computer.’ Discussion: Do you feel you are dependent on these devices in your daily lives? Is there a healthy balance?

  10. Significant Impact • Impact on third-parties – growth in other businesses, software, apps, cases, accessories. • Technological impact for individuals - Individual servers from home running independent businesses. Micro-cameras, social media, GIS. • Technological responsibility - Computers are accountable for information everyone is dependent upon – governments, leaders, teachers, etc. • Market-driven interfaces and similar uses - user-friendly and able to be used by all ages at an reasonable price.

  11. Sources Cited: "History of the PC." History of the PC. Saperecom LLC., 2012. Web. 09 Sep 2012.  Bellis, Mary. "The History of Computers." About.com. New York Times, 2012. Web. 09 Sep 2012.  Soh, Kelvin. "TIMELINE: Key dates in the history of the perosnal computer." Reuters.com. Reuters, Jan 7 2009. Web. 12 Sep 2012. "The Invention of the PC." History.com. History.com, 2012. Web. 12 Sep 2012. "Computer History Timeline." History-timelines.org. N.p., 2012. Web. 12 Sep 2012. <http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/events-timelines/07-computer-history-timeline.htm>.  Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation. 11, Sept. 2012. Web.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Microsoft_Corporation.

  12. Images Used: • All Slides (excluding slide 5): Carey, David. How It Works… The Computer. Loughborough: Ladybird Books Ltd, 1971, 1979.http://davidguy.brinkster.net/computer/ • Slide 5: Jan. 24, 1984: Birth of the Cool (Computer, That Is). http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/01/dayintech_0124. Sept 11, 2012.

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