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MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION

This article explores the concepts of distance, displacement, speed, and average velocity in one-dimensional motion. It discusses the frame of reference, displacement calculations, sign conventions, average velocity calculations, and the difference between speed and velocity.

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MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION

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  1. MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION Distance, Displacement, Speed, and Average Velocity

  2. What do you think? • Would a book on your desk be in motion? • Explain

  3. Frame of Reference • Motion • a change in position • Frame of reference • A point against which position is measured • Example: A train traveling between stations • It is in motion when measured against the track. • It is stationary when measured against a seat.

  4. Displacement (x) • Straight line distance from the initial position to the final position (change in position, x) • Can be positive (+) or negative (-)

  5. Displacement • What is the displacement for the objects shown? • Answer: 9 cm • Answer: -15 cm

  6. Displacement: Sign Conventions • Right (or east) ---> + • Left (or west) ---> – • Up (or north) ----> + • Down (or south) ---> –

  7. Average Velocity • Average velocity is displacement divided by the time interval. • The units can be determined from the equation. • SI Units: m/s • Other Possible Units: mi/h, km/h, cm/year

  8. Practice Problems • A car travels 36 km to the north in 30.0 min. Find the average velocity in km/min and in km/h. • Answer: 1.2 km/min to the north or 72 km/h to the north • A car travels 100.0 km to the east. If the first half of the distance is driven at 50.0 km/h and the second half at a 100.0 km/h, what is the average velocity? • Answer: 66.7 km/h to the east

  9. Speed • Speed does not include direction while velocity does. • Speed uses distance rather than displacement. • In a round trip, the average velocity is zero but the average speed is not zero.

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