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Sections Sports Medicine

Sections Sports Medicine. Medical supervision of persons engaged is physical culture and sport Physiology and Hygiene of Physical Education and Sport General and individual pathology of Physical Education and Sport. Tasks of Sport Medicine :.

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Sections Sports Medicine

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  1. Sections Sports Medicine • Medical supervision of persons engaged is physical culture and sport • Physiology and Hygiene of Physical Education and Sport • General and individual pathology of Physical Education and Sport

  2. Tasks of Sport Medicine: • - Organizing and promoting the rational use of physical culture in order to preserve and strengthen health , achieving high sports results ; • study and assessment of health , issues of access to employment and sports orientation , the early detection of diseases and injuries; • study and evaluation of physical development; • diagnostics of functional state ; • study the effects on the body mode and methods of training ; • organization of health care and restorative measures; • control of the daily routine, exercise and nutrition; • participation on the basis of their observations in the planning and adjustment training process ; • monitoring of compliance with the conditions and organization of training adopted hygienic standards and requirements; • sanitary education and work; • health care events.

  3. 1. Excitability rate:         10 - 100%                                      (16 - 10) 6 - x%                                          X = 60%                (N - 80%) 2. The recovery rate:     1 min 50 s (N 3 min) 3. BP reaction:   systems: + 20 (N to + 40) diast - 5 (N - 0 - 10) 4. Recovery Time AT: 3 min (N - 3 min) Conclusion: The type of reaction - normotonic Evaluation tests:

  4. TYPES surveys in sports medicine • PRIMARY • Repeatedly (2 times a year) • OPTIONAL

  5. To determine the top down tests taken: - Lowering on one knee (often leading to)- Laying down on the leg (leading from the top) in a sitting position; - A surprising move. Close your eyes, get four limbs hands forward. Behind the examiner gently pushing (not dropped). The first step is the leading foot. This test is most important, because it reflects innate properties of the individual rather than purchased. Determining the top down.? Most people (and that right-handers, 70%) top leg is left (so-called asymmetry of the cross), 20% of the population is driving the same name arm and leg (right).

  6. Orthostatic test

  7. Plan Survey athletes and athletes: • Passport part • Medical history of life • Sports history • These next sports history • anthropometry • Somatoskopiya • Browse by organ systems • Additional methods of examination • Functional tests of the heart and lungs • conclusion

  8. A n t c o n o m e t r I makes it possible to determine quantitative characteristics physical development. As main features of the length of study and the weight, thorax perimeter, lung capacity, muscle force. For special indications studying the amount of motion in joints. In conducting research the subject should be naked, without shoes, the room is well lit. Technology and technique required specific knowledge and practical skills.

  9. Measuring growth rostomirom: a - standing B - sitting. • . Knowing the length of the body in two positions can be found • proportionality factor / ME /: • CP = (L1-L2) / L2  100, • L1 - length of the body in a standing position , L2 - length of the body in a sitting position •        Normally CI = 87-92 %. The proportionality factor is important in sports. Individuals with low CP with other things being equal , have a low center of gravity location that gives them an advantage when performing exercises that require balance of the body in space ( skiing , ski jumping , wrestling, weightlifting) . In contrast , individuals with high CP have advantages in jumping , running . In women, the CP is somewhat lower than that of men

  10. .Measuring the circumference of the chest Perimeter of the chest measured at maximum inspiration, full exhalation and during breaks. The difference between the values ​​of circumference of the chest in the phase of maximum inspiratory and expiratory maximum indicates the degree of mobility of the chest (tour, swing). On average it is 4-5 cm in men and 4 -7 cm in women. In athletes, especially swimmers, chest excursion can reach 10 -14 cm, patients going down to 2 cm -1 and even 0.

  11. Measurements of muscle strength - dynamometry.

  12. The extent of fat deposits

  13. .Take longitudinal cutaneous folds of fat under the lower angle of the right scapula ( diagonally ) on the front of the abdomen - right at the navel 5 cm horizontally on the front of the shoulder - on the right hand in the upper third of the inner surface vertically. On the chest - anterior axillary line on an angle . In the hip - in a sitting position on the anterior surface of the outer parallel at the top of the groin crease. At the lower leg - while sitting on the posterior outer surface at the top of the right leg at the lower angle of the popliteal fossa. At the rear of the hand - at the head of the third finger Measuring the thickness of the skin-fat folds to assess fat deposition and its uniform distribution throughout the body hold caliper or two, or eight points.

  14. The shape of the back depends on the natural curves of the spine, which can be measured by a special device - kifoskoliozometrom. They normally make up 3-4 cm depth curves of the spine changes under the influence of negative environmental factors (living conditions, education), long kept at improper posture weak back muscles may be the result of an illness (rickets, etc.) asymmetric loading sports, etc Spine- column life

  15. . Forms back: a-normal; b-rounded; in - plane; Mr. okruhlovvihnuta

  16. Round the back ( stooping ) is characterized by extremely pronounced thoracic kyphosis with noticeably smooth cervical and lumbar lordosis , decrease the angle of inclination of the pelvis. In profile observed podannost ' shoulders forward . These forms back restricts movement of the chest, difficult breathing and , therefore, reduces the function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In a round flat back often determined . ? While flat (or flattened ) back smooth curves of the spine , pelvic tilt angle is reduced , blades pterygium . This spine is unstable to various distorting effects and prone to scoliosis, central nervous system injuries and elements of the musculoskeletal system in the performance of the motor load

  17. Scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spine (can be complex Multi-strain). Leads to disruption of the relative changes of internal organs and their functions, ie the formation of scoliotic disease.

  18. Scoliosis may vary in shape arc: a simple scoliosis - a curvature of the curve (S-shaped) complex - with the opposition (S-shaped). • There scoliosis by spine where the curvature is defined and where it is directed apex arc cervical, thoracic, lumbar, combined right-or left-sided.

  19. Type of scoliosis: a - right-handed B - nearside c and d - S-shaped.

  20. I stage - functional scoliosis (curvature vanishes with the patient "hands on head"). There scoliosis 3 levels:

  21. Grade II - intermediate form (curvature disappears when Wiese). III degree - of multi-resistant strain of the spine, "rib hump" in the muscle spindle distortion.

  22. Must be differentiated from scoliosis scoliotic (or asymmetric) posture. It is noted the level of standing shoulder not on the same line, asymmetrical waistline triangles, there is a right-or left-lateral curvature of the spine, but the chest when you lean the body forward with hands down no deformed (no bulging ribs on one side and flattening - to another).

  23. The shape of the chest is determined by the location of edges (PP) (horizontal , oblique ), intercostal size . angle ( MU = 90 °, < 90 °,> 90 °), relations between the sagittal and frontal breast size. shape of the chest : 1. Cylindrical - shaped cylinder PP - horizontal, MU = 90 °. 2. Tapered - in the form of a truncated cone , PP - horizontal MU > 90 °. 3. Flat ( flattened ) - anteroposterior diameter decreased , PP - lowered , MU <90 °. With good physical development of the chest is usually cylindrical in shape , with a weak physical development - flat . To pathological forms include chest rahiticheskaya (asymmetric , chicken ), barrel , etc.

  24. Forms chest: 1 - normal; 2 - flat; 3 - chicken; 4 - funnel; 5 - emphysematous

  25. Shape toe: a - normal B - X - like C - O-.

  26. There are the normal foot, flattened, flat, hollow. Explanation plantohramy by IM Chyzhynym

  27. RESEARCH PROTOCOL SOMATOSKOPICHNOHO ? Name _______________________________________________________ ? Age __________ Gender ________ Type Sport ____________________ ? ______________________________________ Sports skills ? 1. FEATURES posture ? Regulations heads ( one with a vertical torso filed forward, tilted to the right go left) __________________________________________ ? Provisions of the shoulder girdle ( on one level, the uniformity of the width of the right and left shoulder, unfolded or Podanyev forward ) ______________ ? Spine : the severity of bends _______________________________ ? scoliosis (presence , type, shape, degree of scoliosis ) _____________________ ? Triangles waist ( symmetry ) ______________________________ ? form back ( flat, round, kruhlouvihnuta , ploskovohnutaya ) _______ ? Blades (normal , winged ) _______________________________ ? shape of the chest (cylindrical, conical, flattened , light , asymmetrical , chicken , barrel , etc.) _________________________ ? Form abdomen (straight , light , dropped , asymmetrical ) ______________ ? Overview of carriage ( right , round-shouldered , lordoticheskaya , kyphotic , scoliotic ) ______________________________________ ? 2. STATE musculoskeletal system (OSA )? Hand shape ( straight, X-shaped ) __________________________________ ? Form feet ( direct X -shaped or O -shaped ) ____________________ ? Stop ( normal, flattened , flat , hollow ) ___________________ ? Joints (movement within physiological limits , restrictions on movement , deformation ( where) _______________________________________________ ? Development muscles ( good , average , poor , uniform , non-uniform (de) ______________________________________________________ ? zhirootlozheniya (normal , low , high , even , uneven (de) _________________________________________________ ? skin (color , dryness, humidity , presence of pigmentation , rash ) _____ ? Other features of OSA _________________________________________?________________________________________________________________?3. TYPE Body Type ? Astenik , hiperstenik , normostenik ________________________________

  28. Calculate the average thickness of the skin-fat folds (d): D = (d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6 + d7 + d8) / 16. Then the formula Matejko determined the absolute amount of fat (D) in kg: D = dSK, de K - constant, equal to 0,13; S - body surface in m2, calculated by the formula: S = 1 + (P + H) / 100, and where P - weight in kg H variations in the growth of 160 cm with the appropriate sign. Then calculate the relative fat content in%: OSZH = (D / P) • 100, and where D and P are expressed in kg.These data compare with existing regulations on sports specialization. Fat layer in athletes can be identified by W. Stern (1980) as follows: DGP = (weight - lean body weight / body weight) • 100, where can lean body mass = 98,42 + (1,082 • body weight - 4 15 • waist circumference). Adipose tissue is considered to be biologically inactive. In the human body is measured skin-folds of fat in 8 locations: on the shoulders (front and back surface), arms, back, thighs, abdomen, chest. In women, the last measurement is performed.

  29. Applying the formula Matejko, we can calculate the absolute mass of muscle tissue: M = Lr2k, De M - muscle mass in kg; L - height in cm; R - average of the circumference of the upper arm, forearm, thigh, lower leg; K = 6.5 (constant); S - sum. r = (S circles the arm, forearm, thigh, leg / 25,12) -- (S skin-fat folds arm, forearm, thigh, leg / 100 .) Next, the percentage (relative) amount of muscle tissue and compared with the standards of the sport: (M / P) • 100, P - weight in kg. Knowledge of this parameter seems very important for the evaluation of health provision, because muscle tissue refers to biologically aktyvnyh.Dlya performance required: Caliper, measuring tape.? Measuring tape Measure circumference alone arm, forearm, thigh, leg, and as the thickness of skin-folds of fat on the forearm (front and rear) Caliper. Determination of muscle.

  30. - Oculomotor nerve (III pair). Made Commonwealth eye movements left, right, up, down, to the tip of the nose, making the movement of the object explorer. Pay attention to the amount of movement, the presence of nystagmus (oscillatory motion of the eyeball); Exploring the function of cranial nerves (most available):

  31. METHODS OF EVALUATION EXERCISE • standards • Index • correlation

  32. Assessment of physical development indices by Body weights for adults can be calculated by the formula Bernhard: Weight = (g · Volume Growth "chest volume) / 240 Ideal body weight (M) can be calculated by the formula of Lorentz: M = P - [100 - (P - 150) / 4] where P - Growth in cm Index Habsa P = 56 + 4/5 (L - 150) where P - weight in kg, L - height in cm Quetelet Index: P / L (g / cm); where P - weight in kg, L - height in cm? for Men - 370 ... 400 g / cm? for Women - 325 ... 375 g / cm

  33. Blunt object touches to spend 3-4 fingers above the navel along the costal arch. Considered normal contraction of the abdominal muscles of the same side. Abdominal reflex determined by complete relaxation abdominal wall. (Bend your knees, lie on your back).

  34. Plantar reflex (Babinski reflex is determined by bending the toes during a blunt object along the inner or outer edge of the sole.

  35. Knee-jerk caused a slight blow hammer on the tendon of the quadriceps femoris below the kneecap, there is a moderate elevation of the limb. Running on two legs. Are compared both reactions.

  36. Index of proportionality: • Index Manuvriye - percentage of leg length to body length: • (L standing / L sitting - 1) * 100 • Proportionality leg length and trunk corresponds to the index of 87 ... 92% •      at lower values ​​- relative short-legged at large – relative long-legged

  37. index Pigna: • L - (P + T), •        where P - weight in kg, L - height in cm? T - chest circumference at vydosi in cm • 10 - a solid figure, • 11 ... 15 - good • 16 ... 20 - medium, • 21 ... 25 - weak • 26 or more - very poor figure

  38. The proportions of individual body parts specific to uniformly developed people • Chest sight: Circumference of pelvis: 10:9 • Perimeter neck circumference = 38% of breast or 2/3 of the rim thigh or bicep circumference • Sight forearm circumference = 30% of breast • Sight biceps circumference = 36% of breast • Waist circumference = 75% chest circumference • Sight thigh circumference = 60% of pelvis • Sight shin = 40% contours of the pelvis • According to ancient Greek canons perimeter of the neck, legs and biceps about an only son

  39. Figure of strength GROWTH-(+ WEIGHT perimeter of the chest) • 10-15 - a solid figure • 16-20 - a good figure • 21-25 - the average figure • 26-30 - weak figure • 31 and> very poor figure

  40. Weight-height index Weight (g): height (cm) • The number of grams per 1 cm of growth: • > 540 - obesity • 451 - 540 - overweight • 416 - 450 - overweight • 401 - 415 - good fatness • 400 - Best fatness for men • 390 - Best fatness for women • 360 - 389 - average fatness • 320 - 359 - Bad fatness • 300 - 319 - very bad fatness • 200 - 299 - exhaustion

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