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Vertebrae

Vertebrae. body (c orpus ) extremitas cran. (convex) & caud. (concave) discus intervertebralis, NO synovial joints ! arch ( arcus ): 2x pediculus + lamina DORSAL! – orientation incisura cran. + caud.  foramen intervertebrale (for. vertebrale laterale) processes ( processus )

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Vertebrae

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  1. Vertebrae • body (corpus) • extremitas cran. (convex) & caud. (concave) discus intervertebralis, NO synovial joints ! • arch (arcus): 2x pediculus + lamina • DORSAL! – orientation • incisura cran. + caud.  foramen intervertebrale (for. vertebrale laterale) • processes (processus) • proc. spinosus, transversus, articularis • proc. mamillaris (+cran. artic.), accessorius

  2. cervical vertebrae •  mobility  body very convex + concave  articular surfaces very large - proc. transv.  tuberculum dors. + ventr. - for. transversarium? (cervical only)

  3. cervical vertebrae, C1 • C1 – atlas, nodding movement • body  massa lat., proc. transv.  wing (ala atlantis), no proc. articularis, proc. spinosus  tuberculum • cran.: deep excavation for condylus occipitalis • ventral: excavation: fossa alaris • foramina (interspec. diff.) for. alare  fossa alaris for. vertebrale lat. (MED!)  canalis vertebralis for. transversarium  perforates proc. transv.

  4. cervical vertebrae • C2 – axis, rotatory movement • cran. projection: dens axis • interspec. diff.: shape of dens fac. articul. cran. proc. spinosus • C6 – tuberculum ventr. lamina ventralis • C7 – caud: attachment of 1st rib, NO for. transv.

  5. thoracic vertebrae • attachment of ribs (small proc. transv.) - on body: fovea costalis cran. + caud.  head of rib - on proc. transv.: fovea costalis proc. transv.  tubercle of rib • high proc. spinosus

  6. lumbar vertebrae: large proc. transversus • interspec. diff.: direction of proc. transv. proc. spinosus: ratio (high) • sacral vertebrae: fused to form the sacrum proc. transv.  ala ossis sacri (facies auricularis – hip bone) • interspec. diff.: position of wing, shape of bone, direction of auricular surface, fusion of procc. spinosi + articul. • caudal vertebrae: reduction of processes

  7. ribs prox.: • head (caput)  body of vertebrae • neck (collum) • tubercle (tuberculum)  proc. transversus directed caudally!  R/L? • sulcus muscularis (craniolat.: expand thorax during respiration) • sulcus costae (vessels + nerv: caudomed., protected)

  8. sternum • cran.: manubrium • body (corpus) • caud.: proc. xiphoideus interspec. diff.: shape (Eq: crista ventralis sterni)

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