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Keystone Biology term Review

Keystone Biology term Review. Mrs. Geisler 6-5-14. A term that describes a nonliving factor in an ecosystem. ABIOTIC.

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Keystone Biology term Review

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  1. Keystone Biology term Review Mrs. Geisler 6-5-14

  2. A term that describes a nonliving factor in an ecosystem. ABIOTIC

  3. The movement of particles from one area of low concentration to an area of high concentration that uses energy provided by ATP or a difference in electrical charges across a cell membrane. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

  4. A molecule that provides energy for cellular reactions and processes and that also releases energy when one of its high-energy bonds is broken to release a phosphate group. ADENOSONE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

  5. The intermolecular attraction between unlike molecules. Capillary action results from the adhesive properties of water and the molecules that make up plant cells. ADHESION

  6. The artificial cultivation of food, fiber, and other foods by the systematic growing and harvesting of various organisms. AGRICULTURE

  7. A variation of a gene's nucleotide sequence (alternate form of a gene). ALLELE

  8. The measure of the relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population; a proportion or a percentage. ALLELE FREQUENCY

  9. a physical structure, present in multiple species, that is similar in function but different in form and inheritance. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE

  10. A term that describes an organism associated with a water environment. AQUATIC

  11. Changing of organic matter into other chemical forms such as fuel. BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION

  12. The study of energy flow (energy transformations) into and within living systems. BIOENERGETICS

  13. The movement of abiotic factors between the living and nonliving components within ecosystems; also known as nutrient cycles. (water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle). BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

  14. A group of bio macromolecules that interact with biological systems and their environments. BIOLOGYICAL MACROMOLECULES

  15. A large area or geographical region with distinct plant and animal groups adapted to that environment. BIOME

  16. Zone of life on earth; all the ecosystems on Earth. BIOSPHERE

  17. Any procedure or methodology that uses biological systems or living organisms to develop or modify either products or processes for specific use. Commonly associated with genetic engineering, which is one of it's applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY

  18. A term describing a living or once living organism in an ecosystem. BIOTIC

  19. a macromolecule that contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio and serves as a major source of energy for living organisms. (sugar, starch, cellulose) CARBOHYDRATE

  20. Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules into and out of cells. CARRIER (TRANSPORT) PROTEIN

  21. Series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. Main phases are interphase, nuclear division, and cytokinesis. CELL CYCLE

  22. complex set of chemical reactions involving an energy transformation where potential chemical energy in the bonds of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the bonds of ATP molecules. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

  23. A change in the structure of a chromosome. CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION

  24. A single piece of coiled DNA and associated proteins found in linear forms in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and circular forms in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells; contains genes that encode traits. CHROMOSOME

  25. Cell, cell product, or organism is copied from an original source. CLONING

  26. a pattern of inheritance in which the phenotypic effect of two alleles in a heterozygous genotype express each phenotype of each allele fully and equally. Not expressed in any other gene combination. CO-DOMINANCE

  27. Intermolecular attraction between like molecules. Surface tension results from the cohesive properties of water. COHESION

  28. Different populations of organisms interacting in a shared environment. COMMUNITY

  29. Individuals or groups of organisms compete for similar resources such as territory, mates, water, and food in the same environment. COMPETITION

  30. The measure of the amount or proportion of a given substance when combined with another substance. CONCENTRATION

  31. the graduated difference in concentration of a solute per unit distance through a solution. CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

  32. Organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms or their remains. CONSUMER

  33. Final phase of cell cycle resulting in the division of the cytoplasm. CYTOKINESIS

  34. Organism that obtains nutrients by consuming dead and decaying organic matter which allows nutrients to be accessible to other organisms. DECOMPOSER

  35. Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration; result of kinetic molecular energy. DIFFUSION

  36. pattern or inheritance in which the phenotypic event of one allele is completely expressed within a homozygous and heterozygous genotype. DOMINANT INHERITANCE

  37. study of relationship between organisms and environment. ECOLOGY

  38. system composed of organisms and nonliving components of an environment. ECOSYSTEM

  39. Branch of zoology studying early development of living things. EMBRYOLOGY

  40. species found in its originating location and is generally restricted to that geographic area. ENDEMIC SPECIES

  41. Process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS

  42. organelle, containing folded membrane and sacs, responsible for production processing and transporting materials for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell. Two forms, rough has surface ribosomes and participates in the synthesis of proteins destined for export by cell, and smooth er that has no ribosomes and participates in the synthesis of lipids and steroids as well as the transport of synthesized macromolecules. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  43. A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes. ENDOSYMBIOSIS

  44. Illustrates the biomass productivity at multiple trophic levels in a given ecosystem. ENERGY PYRAMID

  45. A process in which energy changes from one form to another form which some of the energy is lost to the environment. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

  46. total surroundings of an organism or a group of organisms. ENVIRONMENT

  47. type of organism composed of one or more cells containing a membrane bound nucleus, specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, and a mitotic nuclear division cycle. EUKARYOTE

  48. Cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to get released. EXOCYTOSIS

  49. Located outside the cell EXTRACELLULAR

  50. substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins; doesn't require the use of energy. FACILITATED DIFFUSION

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