Will the Sciences Need Libraries?

1. Will the Sciences Need Libraries? SMG Presentation by the IUB Science Librarians 4/8/2003

2. Library Chemistry Cyclotron Geology HPER Life Sciences Optometry SLIS Swain Hall [Multidisciplinary Science Buildings MSBs] Location Fifth Street State Road 46 Bypass Tenth Street Seventh Street Third Street Atwater Avenue Tenth Street Third Street [“Fourth Street” & north of Tenth Street] The Science Libraries at IUB

3. The Science Libraries at IUB: Primary Clientele

4. The Science Libraries at IUB: Circulation, Jan-Dec 2002

5. The Science Libraries at IUB: Selected Gate Counts

6. IUB Science Libraries Staff(Fulltime Only)

7. Questions • How fast are the scientific disciplines moving toward a totally electronic environment? • Where should less heavily-used print-only journals be housed? • What options for consolidation of the science libraries exist at IUB? • What options for providing services in the future should we plan for?

9. How fast are resources becoming electronic? • Chemistry Library journals • All but 12 of about 200 journals previously taken in print are now received in electronic format, some electronic only • Greater than 25% of the bound journal space (over 500 of 2000 linear feet) is covered by backfiles in electronic format • Within 3 years, STM journals are expected to be 70% electronic (ALCTS Symposium, ALA, Midwinter 2003)

10. Scientific Journals: Going Digital • Some libraries have been moving toward all electronic journal collections • Los Alamos had canceled over 750 print subscriptions in favor of electronic by June 2001 • University of Illinois Chemistry Library is going totally electronic • Penn State University Math Library

11. Scientific Journals: Pricing • Typical options: • Standard subscription includes print and online (OUP, RSC, Elsevier Web Editions) • Online-only (typically 10% lower cost) • New model: • Tiered pricing based on type and size of organization (OUP in 2005)

12. Scientific Journals: New Features • Links to and from secondary sources • Chime and interactive visualization • Virtual Journals • Nanoscale Science and Technology (AIP) • Biological Physics Research (AIP) • BioMedNet Reviews (Elsevier Science) • BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com

13. Scientific Journals: PLOS • Public Library of Science • Grant of $9,000,000 • Two new online journals • Biology • Medicine • http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/17/science/17JOUR.html

14. Scientific Journals: Archiving • All American Chemical Society journals available back to volume 1 ($4500 annual license fee) • All International Union of Crystallography journals available from v. 1 (free with current subscription) • All Elsevier Science journals in Chemistry and other disciplines (backfiles separately priced) • All American Physical Society journals available to v. 1 ($470 for a tier 3 university) • JSTOR, Gallica, and others for older journals

15. Scientific Journals: Archiving • The LOCKSS Alternative • Low-cost, persistent digital caches • Housed locally at authorized institutions • Utilizes a secure, robust communication protocol (LCAP)

16. Scientific Journals: Problems • Text in printed versions that does not appear in the online file • Omission of fold-out material from an article in Marine and Petroleum Geology: later printed, but not included in the online version • Errata not linked both ways in electronic journals • Missing issues or other material in archival collections

17. Scientific Journals Symposium • Symposium on Electronic Scientific, Technical, and Medical Journals • Washington, May 19-20, 2003 • Technical changes • Identify needs of users (printed and electronic) • Responses of not-for-profit and commercial STM publishers and others

18. Questions • How fast are the scientific disciplines moving toward a totally electronic environment? • Where should less heavily-used print-only journals be housed? • What options for consolidation of the science libraries exist at IUB? • What options for providing services in the future should we plan for?

19. Where? • The ALF?

20. Questions • How fast are the scientific disciplines moving toward a totally electronic environment? • Where should less heavily-used print-only journals be housed? • What options for consolidation of the science libraries exist at IUB? • What options for providing services in the future should we plan for?

21. Space Occupied by the IUB Science Libraries

22. Questions Posed on CHMINF-L, April 2001 • What new academic science libraries at major research universities have been constructed or are in the planning stages since 1995? • What institutions have closed down or consolidated scattered science branch libraries into one unit since 1995? • In those institutions that have moved to a central science library or consolidated branch libraries into one unit since 1995, what has been the reaction of the users? • If you were building a Multidisciplinary Science Building on your campus right now, what new or improved services, new ways of delivering information, or new equipment would you envision being there?

23. New Academic Science Libraries at Major Research Universities • Caltech • Chicago • Michigan State • MIT (planned) • Princeton (planned)

24. Multidisciplinary Science Bldg 1 • Location: between Myers and Chemistry • Groundbreaking this summer • Scheduled for Completion in 2006 • 80,000 assignable square feet • Biology • Chemistry and shared instrumentation space • Physics • Four stories above ground + basement

25. Multidisciplinary Science Bldg 1 • Modular design of laboratories • Basic building block: 8-person lab of about 200 square feet per person • Common areas have been shrinking throughout the planning process • Very small common areas on each floor • Lab space is more valuable • Seminar rooms on each floor

26. Questions • How fast are the scientific disciplines moving toward a totally electronic environment? • Where should less heavily-used print-only journals be housed? • What options for consolidation of the science libraries exist at IUB? • What options for providing services in the future should we plan for?

27. Let Bill Gates and Others Do It! • Microsoft developing its own Web search engine • Microsoft Office 2003 suite linked to commercial search services (Gale, Factiva, Alacritudes) • works with Word, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, and Access • can also search locally loaded sources • based on XML and Web services • CrossRef investigation into a new search service for scientists • Elsevier’s Science Direct and Scirus

28. Essential Roles of a Library • The center of the intellectual life of the campus • Place to study and work in groups to facilitate collaboration • an information commons for the sciences • Place for professional guidance to teach users how to effectively choose and search print sources and electronic databases • Evaluate search results and access the literature

29. Library Roles in a Digital Age • per Wendy Pradt Lougee: • Collection Development • Federation • Library as Publisher • Information Access • Communities and Collaboratories • Access and the Semantic Web • User Services • Virtual Reference Systems • Information Literacy • Organizational Models • Library as Place

30. Guiding Principles • Link the user to the right library people and link the services to the right users. • Help the clientele to help themselves, but do not abandon the concept of the library as physical space.

31. New or Improved Services, etc. • Sophisticated electronic equipment required for top level research • Expanded electronic access to a variety of information resources • Electronic reference resources (dictionaries, handbooks, encyclopedias, etc.) • Electronic backfiles of journals • Current awareness/Abstracting and Indexing and other "finding" services • Continue to move document delivery services to an online environment

32. Citation Indexing Innovations • CiteSeer Scientific Literature Digital Library • indexes Postscript and PDF research articles on the Web • http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/ • Citation links in the Chemical Abstracts database from 1998 onward

33. Changes in Scientific Data • Spatial information • Cooperative Research & Development Agreements (CRADA) • USGS gives data to outside groups; they provide access or sell data (i.e., Terraserver) • Data given to outside organizations not sent through the Federal Depository Library Program • Government “Mapping” Organizations • Soil surveys now being released on CD-ROM (with spatial data included) • Most state geological surveys no longer print maps; they plot on demand. • Implication: Data may change between plots. Is each plot a new edition?

34. Future Activities • Customization, Interactivity, and Customer Support: Focus on the Users • Interface the library’s databases with the user’s citation manager software • Put the information on the desktop • Put the librarian on the desktop • Provide bridges to the scientists not housed in the buildings where formal science libraries are located (Psychology, SPEA, etc.)

35. Future Activities (cont’d) • Selection, Evaluation, Adaptation: Guiding the user toward appropriate resources and making sure they work • Fuller utilization of A&I services with links to full texts of electronic journals • Customized knowledge management tools • Preservation and perpetual access • Description and validation of contents (metadata) • Reference, reference, and more reference!

36. Will the Sciences Need Libraries? Selected Responses • The idea that printed matter is obsolete is a total absurdity. Books will continue to exist and be necessary, as will printed journals. • Judging from the fact that it looks no less crowded in the IU Chemistry library now than it did 3 years ago when I arrived suggests that the answer is unequivocally "yes". • Since I have started my position last July, I recall visiting the library only two or three times, so I guess my answer would be no.

37. Will the Sciences Need Libraries? Selected Responses • Unless ALL journals and reference works are electronic AND there is a chemical librarian type person with an office in chemistry, I still think it's nice to have the facility in the building. • I see no evidence that print copies of journals are becoming obsolete. Online services are becoming more useful but it will be years, if ever, before they become so useful as to displace libraries and print copies.

38. Will the Sciences Need Libraries? Selected Responses • Finally, even with so much library research being handled using computer-based resources, there is still a tremendous need for the reference librarian (more than ever, I should think). Students, and us aging faculty, still need a guiding hand and/or reminder about how to access sources of information, conduct searches that will be efficient, and to help make certain that we do our literature and resource searching in ways that result in complete and accurate information.

39. Will the Sciences Need Libraries? Selected Responses • A very valuable service provided by the library is to help people learn how to find and use databases. Without a doubt, the scientists in this building need the quiet space and office support features of the library facility.

40. Conclusion “The library as place, bringing together users from disparate disciplines in an environment that supports learning and collaboration, seems just as essential for research as for teaching. Librarians are the ones who can create that particular lab, and can offer the service to users throughout the campus - not simply within the confines of one's own department or division.” --Allison Ricker, Science Librarian, Oberlin College

41. Selected Bibliography Albanese, Andrew Richard. "The Top Seven Academic Library Issues." Library Journal, March 15, 2003, 43. Bachrach, Steven M. "The Journals Crisis: Redirecting the Blame." Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 2001, 41(2), 264-268. Gould, Constance C.; Pearce, Karla. Information Needs in the Sciences: An Assessment. Mountain View, CA: The Research Libraries Group, Inc., 1991. Lougee, Wendy Pradt. Diffuse Libraries: Emergent Roles for the Research Library in the Digital Age. CLIR Research Pub 108, August 2002. http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub108abst.html Reich, Victoria. “Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe as a Cooperative Archiving Solution for E-Journals.” Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, Fall 2002. http://www.istl.org/02-fall/article1.html

42. Selected Bibliography (cont’d) Solla, Leah. "Buiding Digital Archives for Scientific Information." Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, Fall 2002 http://www.istl.org/02-fall/article2.html Weston, Wil. "Access to Scientific Literature." Nature, 7 November 2002, 420, 19. Wolpert, Ann J. "The Future of Electronic Data." Nature, 7 November 2002, 420, 17-18. Workshop Report on a Future Information Infrastructure for the Physical Sciences (May 30-31, 2000) http://www.osti.gov/physicalsciences/

43. “Webinar” on Scientists as End Users • Outsell/SIIA Webinar on “End Users—Scientists and Engineers, 4/10/2003 • goals, values and work tasks • types of information used • information spending levels • perceptions of the Internet as an information source • information problems and challenges http://www.siia.net/events