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The Politics of MDG5

The Politics of MDG5. Professor Wendy J Graham. DSA Scotland Mini-conference: Aberdeen, 14 th October 2011. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Goal 1: Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

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The Politics of MDG5

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  1. The Politics of MDG5 Professor Wendy J Graham DSA Scotland Mini-conference: Aberdeen, 14th October 2011

  2. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) • Goal 1: Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty • Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education • Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women • Goal 4: Reduce child mortality • Goal 5: Improve maternal health • 5a: 75% reduction in maternal mortality 1990-2015 • 5b: University access to comprehensive reproductive health services • Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability • Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

  3. ~0.8% occur in developed countries ~99.2% occur in developing countries Estimated third of a million maternal deaths annually* An estimated 98% of maternal deaths are avoidable * Source: United Nations, 2010

  4. Lifetime risk of maternal death Map 3 Scotland ~1 in 5,000 Sierra Leone ~1 in 20 V

  5. 450 400 350 300 250 Maternal deaths per 100 000 live births 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Millennium Development Goal 5a is off-target X X X X MM Target Source: UN, Sept 2010

  6. “Maternal mortality is much more than a medical issue” Ban Ki-moon United Nations Secretary General 2009

  7. “A Millennium Development goal which cannot be monitored cannot be met or missed.” Johansson and Stewart, UNDP, 2002

  8. Nigeria: maternal mortality trends 1985-2011 ?

  9. Do we really know what works? .... to reduce maternal mortality at a population level

  10. MATERNAL MORTALITY: Scotland

  11. Three direct points to take women off the “Road to Death”: • Prevention of pregnancy: Family Planning • Prevention and management of complications: Skilled Care especially during delivery • Prevention of death by timely management of life-threatening complications: Emergency Obstetric Care

  12. WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? • Renewed focus on family planning, skilled care at delivery, & emergency obstetric care Combined with: 2. More health professionals 3. Greater financial resources 4. Robust tracking of progress & accountability 5. Sustained political commitment

  13. Do we really know what works? .... Yes, technically...... .... No, politically....

  14. Sept 22nd 2010

  15. A call to action: we all have a role to play Business community UN agencies Civil society Women and children Health care workers Donors Academic /research institutions Gov / Policy makers

  16. What are the key elements of the Global Strategy for Women’s & Children’s Health ? • Country-led health plans • Comprehensive package of essential interventions and services • Integrated care • Health systems strengthening • Health workforce capability building • Coordinated research and innovation • Accountability at all levels http://www.who.int/pmnch/activities/jointactionplan/en/index.html

  17. Accountability Framework: Parameters • Applicable at all levels – national and global • Links results and resources • Three building blocks: Monitor, Review, Act • All partners accountable for the commitments they make and the health policies and programmes they design and implement • Builds on and strengthens existing mechanisms

  18. Knowledge actors Identify knowledge gap Gather & synthesize new knowledge Translate & communicate Knowledge actors Knowledge actors

  19. THREE BIG QUESTIONS What are we (as knowledge actors) accountable for? To whom are we accountable? How can we hold ourselves accountable?

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