The Schism of 1054

1. The Schism of 1054 Global History: Spiconardi

2. Origins • Iconoclasm  Pope Gregory speaks out against Byzantine Empire’s iconoclast movement • Western culture was evolving  Influence from Germanic tribes • Eastern culture retained its Hellenistic and Greco-Roman culture

3. Origins • Papacy vs. Secularism • Secularism  belief that religion should not enter into the functions of the state • The East believed the pope claimed to have too much jurisdiction • West took issue with Caesaropapism subordination of the church to secular rulers

4. Origins • The Filoque Churches debated on the origin of the Holy Spirit

5. The Issues Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox • Mass said in Latin • Pope has authority over all bishops & secular leaders • Priests may not marry • Divorce is not permitted • Mass said in Greek or vernacular • Patriarchs and other bishops head the church as a group • The emperor has authority over the patriarchs and bishops • Priests may marry • Divorce permitted under certain conditions

6. The Issues Unleavened or leavened bread? Eastern Rite Communion Bread Western Rite Communion Wafers

7. The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) • In 1054 Pope Leo IX and the Patriarch (head bishop) of Constantinople excommunicated one another after emissaries could not reconcile during meetings • Excommunication depriving a member of the church the benefits and privileges of membership Pope Leo IX

8. The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) • The excommunications were void • Pope Leo IX died before he officially served the excommunication • Patriarch Michael Cerularius had no authority to excommunicate

9. The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) • Christendom splits into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church • Catholic “universal” • Orthodox “right belief” • Today the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Church are meeting in hopes of one day unifying the Church