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England from 1603-1688

England from 1603-1688. James I 1603-1625 Charles I 1625-1649 Civil War 1642-1649 Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658 Richard Cromwell 1658-1660 Charles II 1660-1685 James II 1685- 1688 William & Mary 1689. James I 1603-1625. Also James VI of Scotland Divine Right of Kings

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England from 1603-1688

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  1. England from 1603-1688 • James I 1603-1625 • Charles I 1625-1649 • Civil War 1642-1649 • Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658 • Richard Cromwell 1658-1660 • Charles II 1660-1685 • James II 1685- 1688 • William & Mary 1689

  2. James I1603-1625 • Also James VI of Scotland • Divine Right of Kings • “King is from God and the Law is from the King” • The True Law of Free Monarchies • Book describing his belief in DRK

  3. James’ Problems • Clashed with Puritans who wished to “purify” the Anglican Church • Parliament resented James’ Divine Right philosophy • Parliament controlled legitimate means to raise taxes

  4. Charles I 1635-1649

  5. Charles I (1635-1649) • Believed in Divine Right • Still squabbled with Parliament and Puritans • Had financial problems • Demanded forced loans from his subjects • Quartered troops in private homes at owners expense

  6. Petition of Right 1628 • Parliament forced Charles I to accept the “petition of right” before voting him new funds • Petition of right declared illegal: • Quartering of troops in private homes • Forced loans without consent of parliament • Imprisonment without specific charge • Declaration of martial law in time of peace

  7. What does Charles do? • Refuses to call Parliament for 11 years! (1629-1640) • Ship Money Tax • Uses ancient law to tax coastal towns • Uses it on inland towns as well

  8. Charles I Religious policies • Forced Puritans to conform to the Church of England • Relaxed restrictions against Roman Catholics • 1637 Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, tried to force Anglicanism on Scotland • Scotland rebels • Charles needs Parliament to raise funds to fight

  9. Parliaments response“The Grand Remonstrance” • Parliament refused to raise funds until the King responded to a list of grievances • Charles I dissolves the Parliament after only three weeks • The Short Parliament • Scots attacked Charles inadequate army • Charles agreed to pay the Scots to withdraw • Calls Parliament again… • The Long Parliament

  10. Long Parliament 1640-1660 • Parliament forced the King to accept a whole series of measures to limit his Royal Power • In 1642, King Charles tried to prevent further Parliamentary action by ordering the arrest of five of the leaders of Parliament in opposition to the King

  11. English Civil War (1642-1649)Parliament vs. the King • Two factors led to Parliaments victory over the King: • Parliaments alliance with Scotland, John Pym persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the Solemn League and Covenant. This agreement committed Parliament to a Presbyterian system of Church government. • The reorganization of the Parliamentary army under Oliver Cromwell-Independent

  12. Oliver Cromwell Commonwealth 1648-1653 Protectorate 1653-1660

  13. Victory over the King – The Interregnum • Cromwell’s New Model Army won a decisive victory over the King at the battle of Naesby 1645. • Parliament changed to just 40 Puritans “Rump Parliament” • Executed Charles • abolished the Monarchy • Ended he House of Lords and the Anglican Church

  14. Lord Protector (1653-1658) • (1649-1650) Cromwell invades Ireland to put down any Catholic revolts • Cromwell ends the Rump Parliament and rules as a military dictator (1653) • Lord Protector of England • Dies in 1658 • Son Richard becomes Lord Protector for 9 months • Parliament seeks changes

  15. Charles II (1660-1685)The Restoration • “Merry Monarch” • put the fun back into England • Reopened theatres • Treaty of Dover (1670) • Needed money, frustrated with Parliament • France agreed to pay 200,000 pounds a year to Charles II • Would ease England into Catholicism • Convert to Catholicism himself • Stop supporting the Dutch in war

  16. Test Act / Clarendon Codes • Tried to create religious conformity • Had to take the Eucharist in the Anglican Church • Had to follow the Book of Common Prayer • Penalties: • Could not vote • Could not hold public office • Could not teach in schools

  17. James II (1685 - 1688) • Brother of Charles II • Catholic (scared parliament) • Believed in D. R. K. • Dissolves Parliament • Last straw… • Has a son - Catholic heir to the throne

  18. The Glorious Revolution • Parliament wants change • Don’t want another Catholic King • Ask James II daughter to take over • Mary and William of Orange • No bloodshed William and Mary

  19. Constitutional Monarchy • Monarchs power was limited by the law • All monarchs would rule with Parliament • Bill of Rights • Can’t dissolve Parliament • Freedom of speech in Parliament • No taxing without Parliament • Cabinet • Group that works with the ruling monarch and parliament • CABAL

  20. Who’s Got Next? • Act of Settlement 1701 • Determine the line of succession • Could NEVER be a Catholic • Mary died without child • Went to the grandson of James I • Hanoverian • German Georges’

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