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American Revolution, 1775-1783

American Revolution, 1775-1783. Philosophical Beginnings and Consequences. Philosophy of the American Revolution. Thomas Paine. Patriot Publicists concentrated on the following to spread support for independence : English Common Law 1761, James Otis (lawyer)  search and seizure

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American Revolution, 1775-1783

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  1. American Revolution, 1775-1783 Philosophical Beginnings and Consequences

  2. Philosophy of the American Revolution Thomas Paine Patriot Publicists concentrated on the following to spread support for independence: • English Common Law • 1761, James Otis (lawyer)  search and seizure • John Adams  jury trial • Enlightenment • Questioned the past • Natural Rights • Montesquieu • Radicals • Took inspiration from the questioning Whigs Patrick Henry “Give me liberty or death!”

  3. First Continental Congress, Sept. 1774 • Met in response to …. • Declaration of Rights and Grievances • Condemns Coercive Acts • Repudiates Declaratory Act of 1766 • Dec. 1774, sanctions non-importation agreements • Pitt urges recognition • Lord North denied This 1894 lithograph by William Finley depicts John Adams, Robert Morris, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson.

  4. Redcoats Entering Concord

  5. Second Continental Congress, May 1775 With an humble confidence in the mercies of the supreme and impartial Judge and Ruler of the Universe, we most devoutly implore his divine goodness to protect us happily through this great conflict, to dispose our adversaries to reconciliation on reasonable terms, and thereby to relieve the empire from the calamities of civil war. • Continental Army • Olive Branch Treaty • “Declaration of Causes and Necessities of Taking Up Arms” • Jefferson and John Dickenson (Letters) • George’s Reaction • Prohibitory Act 1775 • Feb. 1776, “Common Sense”

  6. Declaration of IndependenceJuly 4, 1776 • June 9,1776 committee ordered to draft document • June 28, document unanimously passed

  7. The British

  8. The War, 1775-1782

  9. War Sentiment

  10. Yorktown • August 30, 1781 • est. Naval Superiority • Washington marches • south from Penn • British cut off from sea • Pinned on Peninsula • 17,000 American & • French • Cornwallis Surrenders, • Oct. 19, 1781

  11. Peace of Paris, September 1783 • April 1782, Talks Begin • French vs. American Interests • British Negotiate • Recognized Independence • Britain Maintains Canada • US Territory Reaches the Mississippi • Prewar Debts Remain

  12. American Revolution, 1775-1783 Was the American Revolution a revolution or revolutionary? “A guerilla force can win if it does not lose; a regular army loses if it does not consistently win”

  13. How did the British lose?How did the Americans win? EQs Discuss possible answers with your table mates. Be ready to share out your ideas.

  14. Political Organization Limit Power & Increase Accountability New State Constitutions Lower House & Population Republican Citizenship Social Reform Separation of Church & State Loyalists & Freedom of Speech Issue of Slavery Creating State’s Governments

  15. Articles of Confederation, March 1781 • Confederation • Congressional Powers • Declare war • Foreign Policy • State Disputes • Collect Funds for Defense • Problems • Changing the Document • Powers? • Majority legislation • One state, one vote

  16. Articles established a loose Confederation of States. No Provisions made for a federal executive. Laws were to be executed by committee. Congress lacked power to tax citizens directly. Unanimous consent was required to amend Articles Members in congress could serve three consecutive years in a six year period Congress was not given sole power to coin money No federal court system Congress was not given the right to regulate trade within the states Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

  17. The Preamble to the Constitution Article 2 Sec. 1 clause 1 “executive power is vested in the president” Article 1 Sec 8 Clause 1 “Congress shall have the power to levy and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises” Article 5 Methods of amendment Article 1 Sec. 3 Clause 1 “the senate shall have two senators.. Serve a six year terms” Article 1, Sec 8, Clause 5 “ the power to coin money, regulate value and fix standards of weights and measure” “no state shall coined money” Article 3, sec. 1 judicial power is vested in the Court” Solutions in the Constitution • Article 1 Sec. 8 Clause 3 “Congress has power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states and Indian tribes”

  18. Federalists and Anti-Federalists New Jersey & Virginia Plan Document modeled after Pennsylvania Charter of privileges 1701 Declaration of Rights June 12, 1776 Insure ratification of constitution Features Allows for contemporary interpretation States and individual rights Bill of Rights

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