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social theory

social theory. PEARLIN - STRESS PROCESS. STRESSORS. MEDIATORS. OUTCOME. DIFFERENCES WITH SRRS. STRESS PROCESS. 1. MUST LOOK AT CONTEXT AND MEANING. DIMENSIONS OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS. DESIRED VS. NOT DESIRED UNEXPECTED VS. EXPECTED PREEXISTING CONTEXT OF EVENT POST-EVENT CONTEXT.

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social theory

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  1. social theory

  2. PEARLIN - STRESS PROCESS STRESSORS MEDIATORS OUTCOME

  3. DIFFERENCES WITH SRRS

  4. STRESS PROCESS • 1. MUST LOOK AT CONTEXT AND MEANING

  5. DIMENSIONS OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS • DESIRED VS. NOT DESIRED • UNEXPECTED VS. EXPECTED • PREEXISTING CONTEXT OF EVENT • POST-EVENT CONTEXT

  6. STRESS PROCESS (CONT.) • 2. EVENTS NOT ISOLATED BUT INTERCONNECTED • STRESS PROLIFERATION - PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STRESSORS • 3. EMPHASIZES SOCIAL ROLES - OVERLOAD,CONFLICT,CAPTIVITY

  7. NEW CATEGORIES OF STRESSORS (WHEATON) • 1. CHRONIC STRESSORS • 2. LIFETIME TRAUMAS • 3. DAILY HASSLES • 4. DISASTERS

  8. MEDIATORS

  9. MEDIATORS • WHY SOME PEOPLE WITH FEW STRESSORS HAVE HIGH DISTRESS (VULNERABILITY) • WHY SOME PEOPLE WITH MANY STRESSORS HAVE LOW DISTRESS (RESILIENCE)

  10. MEDIATORS (TURNER) • SOCIAL RESOURCES • 1. SUPPORT - SENSE OF BEING CARED FOR, BELONGING, WANTED • ONE INTIMATE • STRONG FAMILY TIES, RELIGION • 2. MATERIAL SUPPORT

  11. SOCIAL COMPARISON • STRESSFULNESS DEPENDS ON REFERENCE GROUP • INCOME • QUADRIPLEGICS • DOWNWARD COMPARISONS BETTER THAN UPWARD COMPARISONS

  12. CONTROL • ACTIVE COPING BETTER THAN PASSIVE COPING (MASTERY VS. FATALISM)

  13. OUTCOMES

  14. OUTCOMES • STANDARDIZED SCALES OF DISTRESS LIKE CES-D • GENERAL NOT DIAGNOSTIC • CONTINUOUS – FROM MILD TO SEVERE

  15. TREATMENT

  16. TREATMENT • ONLY THEORY WITH NODIRECT TREATMENT ASPECT • CHANGE ENVIRONMENT • MUCH DISTRESS TRANSIENT (9-11) • IMPORTANCE OF INFORMAL SUPPORT

  17. strengths and limitations

  18. STRENGTHS OF SOCIAL • BETTER AT EXPLAINING DISTRESS THAN PARTICULAR MENTAL ILLNESSES • BETTER AT LOOKING AT GROUP, RATHER THAN AT INDIVIDUAL, DIFFERENCES • EMPHASIS ON EXTERNAL AND CURRENTCAUSES OF DISTRESS

  19. CRITICISMS OF SOCIAL • IGNORES HOW MENTAL SYMPTOMS ARE DEEPLY ROOTED IN INDIVIDUALS NOT SITUATIONS • NOT SO GOOD FOR EXPLAINING MOST SERIOUS TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS • UNSPECIFIC TREATMENT COMPONENT

  20. STRENGTHS OF PSYCHODYNAMIC • DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECT • PEOPLE ARE OFTEN IRRATIONAL • IMPACT ON CHILD REARING AND SEXUALITY

  21. WEAKNESSES OF PD • UNSCIENTIFIC - UNOBSERVABLE AND UNFALSIFIABLE • OVEREMPHASIZES EARLY CHILDHOOD, UNDEREMPHASIZES ADAPTABILITY • RESISTANCE TO MEDICATIONS • HISTORICALLY AND CULTURALLY SPECIFIC

  22. WEAKNESSES OF PA THERAPY • IMPRACTICAL – LONG AND EXPENSIVE • CULTURALLY-SPECIFIC • DOESN’T WORK WITH MOST SERIOUSLY ILL

  23. STRENGTHS OF BIOLOGY • BEST FOR PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS • MORE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BRAIN • ADVANCES IN DRUG TREATMENTS FOR MANY CONDITIONS

  24. 1. OVERSTATEMENTS • MOST CONVINCING FOR PSYCHOSES • LESS EVIDENCE FOR OTHERS • ARE BRAIN STATES CAUSES OR EFFECTS OF M.I.? • CAUSES CAN BE SOCIAL OR PSYCH AS WELL AS BIOLOGICAL

  25. 2. GENES NOT DESTINY • ONLY A MINORITY OF PEOPLE WITH GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY DEVELOP DISORDER • OFTEN NEED ENVIRONMENTAL PRECIPITANT • ENVIRONMENT CAN SUPPRESS - MORMONS AND ALCOHOLISM

  26. 3. WHAT DOES A GENE DO? • DIFFERENCE OF GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE (APPEARANCE) • E.G. ANOREXIA • CULTURE CAN SHAPE PHENOTYPE • GENES MAY HAVE GENERAL, NOT SPECIFIC, EFFECTS

  27. 4. MOST M.I. NOT GENETIC • MOST PEOPLE WHO GET A DISORDER DO NOT HAVE GENETIC PROPENSITY TO THE DISORDER

  28. SCHIZ. IN DENMARK • THOSE WITH 1ST DEGREE RELATIVES HAVE 10x RATE OF SCHIZ • BUT 90% OF PEOPLE WHO DO GET SCHIZ HAVE NO SCHIZ RELATIVES • FAR MORE PEOPLE HAVE NO FAMILY HISTORY OF SCHIZ SO DESPITE LOWER % PRODUCE MORE CASES

  29. CONCLUSION • GENES AND BRAINS ARE IMPORTANT • BUT, FAR FROM THE ENTIRE STORY

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