1 / 96

Ecology

Ecology. Ecology. Ecology = the study of interactions of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment (soil, water, climate, etc.) Who?  ecologists 2 sets of environmental factors. Ecosystem Factors. Levels of organization… can you remember?. Atom Molecule

kass
Download Presentation

Ecology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Ecology

  2. Ecology • Ecology = the study of interactions of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment (soil, water, climate, etc.) • Who?  ecologists • 2 sets of environmental factors

  3. Ecosystem Factors

  4. Levels of organization… can you remember? • Atom • Molecule • Cell • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • Organism • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Biome • Biosphere

  5. 6 Levels of Ecology focus on organism  biome • Organism = one individual • Population = 2+ of the same organism • Community = All types of living organisms in an area • Ecosystem = All living organisms AND nonliving factors in an area • Biome = group of similar ecosystems • Biosphere = all areas on earth where life exists

  6. Habitat • Habitat = a place where a particular population lives

  7. What might you find if you turn over a log? • Are all of these things competing for the same food? • Each population feeds in different ways, on different materials, and at different times  this leads to reduced competition

  8. Niche • Niche = all strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment • How it meets its specific needs for food and shelter • How and where it survives • Where it reproduces Kind of like an organism’s “job”

  9. Niche • All strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment • How it meets: • its food needs • Its shelter needs • How and where it survives • Where it reproduces • Includes all interactions with biotic and abiotic factors

  10. Quick Project… • Find 4 examples of Abiotic Factors • List pictures of EACH! • Find 4 examples of Biotic Factors • List pictures of EACH! • Define Abiotic Factor • Define Biotic Factor • Submit to FUSION when complete, but show Ms. C before submitting!

  11. Abiotic Factors = nonliving things • Soil and rocks • Weather • Water/rain • temperature

  12. Biotic Factors = Living things • Plants • Fox • You! • Fungi • Bacteria • Protists

  13. Interactions in Ecosystems • Competition • Predator/Prey • Symbiosis

  14. What is competition? • Competition = when organisms compete or fight over a limited resource • Competition can be reduced by organisms having different niches in an ecosystem

  15. Predator/Prey Interactions • Predator = organism that hunts other organisms for food • Prey = organisms that are hunted • Populations of directly impact each other!

  16. Density Dependent Factors • Density Dependent Factors = factors in the ecosystem that can change as a result of the population density (# of organism in an area) • Examples: • Food • Shelter • Water • Disease

  17. Not all interactions among organisms involve eating each other… • Symbiosis = organisms living together • 3 Types of symbiotic relationships • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

  18. Mutualism • Mutualism = benefits both organisms in relationship

  19. Commensalism • Commensalism = one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

  20. Parasitism • Parasitism = one organism benefits and the other is harmed • PARASITES (like viruses) don’t immediately kill host… use it first – sometimes kill it later!

  21. What do all living things need?

  22. All living things must have energy in order to maintain homeostasis • Where does ALL energy orginate? • #1 source of energy = SUN • Energy flow is a “one way” street

  23. Can you get energy from the sun? • What organisms can use the sun’s energy for food? • Autotrophs! • Autotroph = organisms that can make their own food (usually from sun or chemicals in environment) • Examples: plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, chemotrophs • AKA: producers

  24. What are organisms called that can’t make their own food? • Heterotrophs = organisms that must “eat” their food to get energy • Examples: protists, fungi, animals, you! • AKA : consumers

  25. How is the flow of energy shown? • Energy flow is shown with a food chain or food web.

  26. Types of Heterotrophs • Herbivore • Carnivore • Omnivore • Scavenger • Decomposer

  27. Herbivore • Herbivore = organism that only eats plants

  28. Carnivore • Carnivore = organism that eats meat/other animals

  29. Omnivore • Omnivore = organism that survives by eating both plants and animals

  30. Scavengers • Scavenger = organisms that eat dead material

  31. Decomposer • Decomposer = organisms that break down organic matter

  32. How is the flow of energy shown? • Energy flow is shown with a food chain or food web.

  33. Food Chain vs. Food Web • What do you think the difference(s) might be?

  34. Food Chain

  35. Food Web

  36. Chemical Cycles

  37. What are nutrients? • If nutrients are made of matter, can we create or destroy nutrients? • Matter (and nutrients) cannot be created nor destroyed!

  38. Of what substance are all living things made? • Carbon… and other nutrients! • Nutrients = substances (elements/compounds) that are needed for life

  39. How are nutrients cycled through ecosystems? • Nutrients cycle between living and nonliving factors in the environment • Matter is constantly recycled… never lost! • What kinds of nutrients/chemicals are cycled in ecosystems?

  40. The Water Cycle

  41. What is the water cycle? • Water cycle = the continuous movement of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back • What powers the water cycle? • Powered by the SUN which causes evaporation

  42. Water Cycle Terms • Evaporation = water  water vapor (gas) in atmosphere • Condensation = water vapor in atmosphere  water droplets (clouds) • Precipitation = condensed water falling from atmosphere to ground (rain, snow, sleet, hail)

  43. The Water Cycle

  44. Water Cycle Terms • Transpiration = water in plants (from ground)  water vapor in atmosphere • Runoff = water on surface moving • Infiltration = water on surface soaking into soil/ground becoming groundwater

  45. The Water Cycle

  46. Human Impacts: Water Cycle • Water pollution • Deforestation can lead to increased erosion

More Related