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Napoleon Bonaparte:

Napoleon Bonaparte:. PHASE 4: Consulate to Empire to Exile!. The Directory. During the Directory people went wild!! Government was corrupt People were starving. The Directory.

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Napoleon Bonaparte:

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  1. Napoleon Bonaparte: PHASE 4: Consulate to Empire to Exile!

  2. The Directory • During the Directory people went wild!! • Government was corrupt • People were starving

  3. The Directory • Both Royalists & Jacobins were dissatisfied with government • War with Europe continued…

  4. Napoleon Enters the Scene

  5. Napoleon in the Army • Led France to victory against Austria • Became THE HERO of all of France

  6. Napoleon in the Army • Captured Egypt to cut off British trade with India

  7. Napoleon in the Government • 2 directors (& others) plotted to overthrow the Directory and put Napoleon in power

  8. Napoleon in the Government • Government is turned over to Napoleon, and the new government is called the Consulate

  9. The Consulate • New Constitution written • The Executive Branch is made up of 3 Consuls • Napoleon had the most power

  10. The Consulate • Wait…haven’t we heard of a Consul before?? • Anyone remember where this comes from? • Ancient Rome!

  11. The Consulate • In 1802: Napoleon named himself Consul for Life • This was approved by a plebiscite (popular vote) (99.9%)

  12. Reforms to Restore Order • Appointed local officials • Created a board of education • Created the Bank of France (EVERYONE paid taxes!)

  13. The Napoleonic Code • New law code • Equality, religious tolerance, trial by jury, BUT… • Censorship, heavy taxes, inequality of women

  14. Concordat of 1801 • Catholicism is the majority religion • Tolerance of other religions

  15. Napoleon’s Empire

  16. The Emperor of France • 1804 Napoleon named the Emperor of France • Crowns himself!

  17. The Empire • Napoleon’s army defeated everyone in every battle! • His victories allowed him to reorganize Europe

  18. The Empire • Formed the Confederation of the Rhine(small German states) • Created Poland (out of Russian, Prussian & Austrian territory)

  19. The Empire • Napoleon made his relatives the monarchs of conquered countries • Everyone followed the Napoleonic Code • These countries grew to resent French control

  20. Napoleon’sRoad to Ruin

  21. Road to Ruin • 1805 Battle of Trafalgar – he was defeated by the British, preventing a French invasion of Britain

  22. Road to Ruin • Continental System: Napoleon ordered all European nations that he conquered to stop trade with the British

  23. Road to Ruin • The British blockade France in return • Both countries suffer

  24. The Road to Ruin • Other countries resent French rule & this ignites feelings of nationalism and rebellion against the French

  25. The Road to Ruin • Czar Alexander I of Russia challenged Napoleon – withdrew from the Continental system (1812)

  26. The Road to Ruin • The French invade Russia, but are weakened by the harsh winter & defeated by the Russians (scorched-earth policy) • A half million men will die!!!

  27. The Road to Ruin • Europeans surround Paris: Napoleon abdicates(gives up) the throne and the army surrenders

  28. Napoleon’s Fate • Napoleon is exiled to Elba (1814) & Louis XVIII is restored to the throne • BUT…

  29. Napoleon’s Fate • Napoleon escapes & returns to France in 1815 for One Hundred Days • Rallies an army & support…

  30. Napoleon’s Fate • Is defeated (again!) by the British & Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo (1815)

  31. Napoleon is exiled again to the island of St. Helena

  32. Napoleon’s body returned to Paris 1840 • Entombed at Hotel des Invalides

  33. The Congress of Vienna

  34. The Congress of Vienna • European leaders meet to establish peace and restore Europe’s stability • They bring back the old monarchies in Europe

  35. The Congress of Vienna • Redraw the map • Place buffer states around France • Goal = a balance of power

  36. Forces Changing Europe • Reactionaries versus liberalism (nationalism) • Reactionaries want to make sure there are no more revolutions in Europe, but nationalism can’t be crushed…

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