NWRMP: The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Water Resources Master Plan

1. NWRMP: The Role of Stakeholders in Implementing the National Water Resources Master Plan Dr. Martin O. Eduvie Coordinator/Project Manager RWSSC National Water Resources Institute Kaduna.

2. What is NWRMP? • Nigeria Water Resources Master Plan: IWRM In Nigeria, we have challenges • Water shortage is more serious • Need for water resources development hence the need for NWRMP 2013 due to the following: • Water supply, irrigation and and energy generation problems • Therefore, Water resources management is urgent and managed in accordance with IWRM • JICA assisted the M/P 1995 and recommended review M/P 2013

3. Top Plan and Policy for M/P2013 • Nigeria vision 20:2020 • Millennium Development Goals • The Africa Water Vision • The National Water Resources Policy (revised 2009) Framework of M/P2013 Nigeria vision 20:2020 show the goals to improve current nation issues in water sector: • Low rate of access to safe, clean water and sanitation facilities • Less contribution of irrigation to National Food security and • Insufficient utilization of hydropower (Renewable energy)

4. NWRMP principle Cont. Need to review due to the following: • Water demand is increasing with population growth and economic development • River flow dry up • Influence of climate change • Effective water resources management at National level, catchment Management office CMO established 8HA

5. Objective of the Project • Formation of NNWRMP 2013 through review and up date of M/P 1995 • Formation of Catchment Management Plan (CMP) HA-1 (Niger North)/Western HA-8 • Phase 1- Basic study • Phase 2 - Master plan for NNWRMP • Phase 3- Formation of CMP for 2 hydrological areas

6. Framework of M/P2013 • Improve current situation by setting of goals. 3 major areas of improvement • Low rate of access safe and clean water and sanitation • Low contribution of irrigation to national food security • Insufficient utilization of hydropower for renewable unit Population 154.4 million in 2010 to 257.8 in 2050

7. List of Projects proposed in NWRMP • Surface water – 81 projects (Dams) • Groundwater development – 148 projects (Boreholes and wells) • Water supply Projects – 489 (Water treatment) • Sanitation project – 264 (Public investment) • Irrigation and drainage – 146 project • Water Resources Management

8. Integrated Water Resources Management A systematic process for linking water and water-related policy, objectives, and uses to improve decision making in: • operation and management of natural resources and environmental systems; • design and implementation of programs and policies. A coordinating framework for integrating sectoral needs, water and water-related policy, resource allocation, and management within the context of social, economic, and environmental development objectives.

9. Stakeholder Input • Donor Input • Other Input Schematic of the IWRM Process Country Development Objectives Key Water & Water-related Policies/Inst. Resources Assessment & Analysis Review & Evaluation Use Assessment & Analysis Resource Allocation Strategy Implementation & Monitoring Resource Development & Management Plan

11. What are the important sources of groundwater pollution in your country?

12. Aquifer Risk is a combination of aquifer vulnerability and pollution hazard .

13. Prevention is better than Cure! Suggest ways to reduce waste disposal to the streets and gutters What are the impacts of this waste on water?

14. Contamination sources not separate from water supply Lusaka How to supply potable water here? Source: Nkhuwa 2006

15. Stakeholder • Private or public Organisation or individual concerned or responsible for a common interest (here: water management) • User • Provider of the resource • Manager of the resource • Impact of the resource on the ecosystem • Regulator of the resource

16. Why stakeholder participation in water management? • Stakeholders want to participate: • To protect their interests; • To get problems fixed. • Stakeholders need to participate: • Government decisions hard to implement without social support; • Some management tasks are more efficiently carries out by stakeholders; • Small aquifers/surface require local management.

17. Benefits from Stakeholder participation. • Informed decision-making using stakeholder experience; • Conflict prevention by development of consensus and information sharing. • social benefits - promote equity among users; • economic benefits - optimize pumping and reduce energy costs; • technical benefits - better estimates of water abstraction.

18. Identification of key stakeholders. • List stakeholders base on • NWRMP Why is it necessary to pay attention to gender/other factors during stakeholder analysis? Who are the key stakeholders?

19. Identification of key stakeholders. • Stakeholder analysis has three steps: • Identify the key stakeholders that could potentially affect or be affected by changes in surface and groundwater management. • Assess stakeholder interests and the potential impact of water resources management decisions on these interests. • Assess the influence and importance of the identified stakeholders.

20. Categories of stakeholders

21. Stakeholder functions in WR management

22. Government as a stakeholder • Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder. • Functions spread across gvt. agencies; • Objectives differ; • Opportunity to influence other gvt. agencies. How can we get government agencies to work together?

23. What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin surface and groundwater management? • Participation can take place at all levels from the top to governing bodies. • A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function.

24. Who are the water stakeholders?(Nigeria Example) • Civil society-Consumers, NGOs, CBOs, Trade unions, Labour, media. • Service providers-formal (public utilities) and informal (water vendors, farmers with water from private wells, AWDROP etc) • Policy formulation and Coordinating bodies-NWC,GWP, NIWRMC • Private sector- Banks-Micro financing, PPPs, and IFIs - WB, AFDB • Regulatory bodies • River Basins Authorities • Trans boundary organisations • External support agencies • Legislators

30. Categories of stakeholders

31. Stakeholder functions in Water management

32. Government as a stakeholder • Inadequate attention given to government agencies as stakeholder. • Functions spread across gvt. agencies; • Objectives differ; • Opportunity to influence other gvt. agencies. How can we get government agencies to work together?

33. What are the institutional mechanisms for stakeholder participationin groundwater management? • Participation can take place at all levels from the tap to governing bodies. • A finely tuned balance of regulations and incentives is needed for stakeholder structures to function.

34. Stakeholders participation Cap-Net, 2008

35. Zimbabwe: institutional arrangements. Government Stakeholders ZINWA Board 4 Catchment chairpersons ZINWA Catchment council Catchment manager Sub catchment council WUA WUA WUA

36. Stakeholder mobilisation • Are you clear why stakeholders are being mobilised – and the expected result? • Often just a task to be done because it is in the work plan. • Stakeholders need to be convinced of the benefit to them – many may see only disadvantages. • Information, transparency, negotiation are all essential.

37. Stakeholder participation • Mechanisms: • Make complex situations understandable; information is a basis for discussion; • Empower stakeholder organisations so that they have real responsibility; • Ensure all stakeholders are represented; • Where necessary, establish a sound groundwater rights system like the water well code

38. GOVERNMENT Water Police Existing User Water Policy Water Act Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC) Parliament Regulations Stakeholders RBC Water Info. & Planning Developer Groundwater table Case 1: Addressing Groundwater conflict Groundwater depletion ?

39. GOVERNMENT Water Policy Water Act Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC) Parliament Permit Water Police RBC Water Info. & Planning Regulations Stakeholders CASE 2: ADDRESSING WATER POLLUTION

40. GOVERNMENT Water Policy Water Act Inter Ministerial Committee (IMC) Parliament Permit Water Police RBC Water Info. & Planning Regulations Stakeholders CASE 3: ADDRESSING UPSTREAM-DOWNSTREAM CONFLICT

41. National Case Study: Hadejia-Jama’areKomaduguYobe Basin

42. The HJKY Basin: 2Promotion of IWRM in the HJKYB

43. Map of the Area

44. Basic Information • Basin (HJKYB) drains a catchment of approximately 84,000 km2 in northeast Nigeria (Figure 1). Located between latitude 9o 48 to 13o 30 north and longitude 7o 30 to 14o 30 East. • Covering six states (Borno, Yobe, Jigawa, Bauchi Kano and Plateau). • Over 15 million people are supported by the basin through agriculture, fishing, livestock keeping and water supply.

45. Major Use of water in the Basin • These wetlands support a wide range of ecological processes and economic activities which sustain (directly or indirectly) the livelihoods of over 7 million people. • These activities include, agriculture, pastoralism, fishing, wild resources collection and tourism potential. The wetlands also host biodiversity of global significance.

46. Development of Dams • Within the Hadejia river system, the natural pattern of runoff has been modified by the construction of large scale irrigation schemes and the associated dams. • Most notably the Kano Irrigation Scheme (KRIP) • Tiga • Challawa dams and • The Hadejia valley irrigation project (HVP). The Jama’are river is uncontrolled as plans to construct a dam at KafinZaki have been put on halt.

47. HJKYB’s Water Challenges • Hydrological: • spatial and temporal variability • recurring and prolonged droughts • increasing desertification • Socio-economic: • high and rapid growing population • increasing urbanisation • increasing poverty • inefficient agricultural/irrigation practices • Environmental: • degraded water courses leading to flooding • water pollution & infestation of destructive aquatic weeds • excessive and uncontrolled groundwater exploitation • poor environmental sanitation and hygiene practices

48. HJKYB’s Water Challenges (Cont’d) • Institutional: • poor & fragmented watershed management (role definition) • inadequate coordination (horizontally/vertically) • policy inconsistency • inadequate stakeholder participation • insufficient hydro-meteorological information • Financial: • irrational pricing policies for raw/treated water • Lack of transparency and accountability • inadequate financing for watershed protection • inadequate financing for data management • Transboundary Waters: • Intra states river systems • downstream of Lake Chad • growing concern: LCBC, NNJC • Regional efforts weak

49. Stakeholders in HJKYB ResourceUsers Stakeholder Groups • Resource User Groups: • Traditional Councils • Farmers groups • Cattle Rearers Association • Water Users Associations • Fadama Users Associations • Fishermen Associations

50. Stakeholders in HJKYB Resource Users GovernmentAgencies Stakeholder Groups • B. Government Agencies: • Federal & State of: • MWR, MARD, • MEnv., MoH, • MoE, MoInf., MoJust. • RBDAs (2 nos) • SWAs (5 nos) • RWSSAs (5 nos) • SEPAs (5 nos) • ADPs (5 nos) • LGAs (149 nos) • NEMA • NEAZDP