The Englightenment OGT REVIEW SESSION #3

1. The Englightenment OGT REVIEW SESSION #3

2. ENLIGHTENMENT What was the ENLIGHTENMENT? 17th Century (that’s the 1600s) intellectual movement in Europe -Writers of the Enlightenment wrote about the need to LIMIT THE POWER OF GOVERNMENT & CHURCH over the people! -Major writers of the Enlightenment time period were John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau -The ideas of Enlightenment writers about GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY TO ITS CITIZENS INSPIRED BOTH THE AMERICAN AND FRENCH REVOLUTIONS AGAINST DICTATORIAL MONARCHIES 100 Years LATER!

3. John Locke Natural Rights Locke believed that people have what are called “natural rights”. These are rights that people are born with and cannot be taken away. The Role of Government Locke did believe that there was some evil in the world and that people have problems protecting their “natural rights”. Thus, Locke believed that governments exist to protect the natural rights of the people.

4. Agreement between a Government and its People Locke believed that people must agree to give up some power to the government and government must use that power to protect people’s rights. BUT…if government does not protect its people the people have the right to overthrow the government!!!! John Locke also challenged the idea of the DEVINE RIGHT OF KINGS: The belief that those who were Kings were chosen so by GOD! *REMEMBER: any time you see the word “Enlightenment” on the OGT you are looking for an answer that discusses citizens getting their independence by overthrowing a dictator or absolute monarch!

5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau -Rousseau believed that while people created govt to protect their rights they soon became enslaved by their government…so…… -He presented the idea of the “SOCIAL CONTRACT”members of a society agree to be ruled by the majority will. This means people live by the laws and consequences approved by the majority of the population. What does this remind you of?

6. ENLIGHTENMENT Lets look at a couple samples of how questions look on the OGT that will test your knowledge of the Enlightenment • remain firm in their support of absolute monarchs. • B. look for leaders who would exercise dictatorial powers. • C. engage in revolutions to • establish democratic • governments. • D. call for church leaders • to create theocracies • and replace the • monarchies. Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau challenged the idea of the divine right of kings. They wrote about a government’s obligations to uphold people’s rights and how the government should be based on the consent of the governed. These new ideas encouraged people to

7. ENLIGHTENMENT Lets look at a couple samples of how questions look on the OGT that will test your knowledge of the Enlightenment • free markets based on • supply and demand • B. government control to • achieve a favorable balance • of trade • C. agriculture based on tenant • farming and serfdom • D. lower taxes on the most • privileged groups in society Natural law was a fundamental idea of the Enlightenment. Which concept is an application of natural law to the government’s role in the economic lives of its citizens?

8. ENLIGHTENMENT Lets look at a couple samples of how questions look on the OGT that will test your knowledge of the Enlightenment • They encouraged loyalty to • established governments. • B. They supported movements • for social and political • change. • C. They encouraged the • formation of American and • French constitutional • monarchies. • D. They supported the efforts of • governments to maintain • control over their subjects. During the Enlightenment, a number of writers explored the relationship between governments and the people they governed. For example, Rousseau wrote The Social Contract, in which he examined ideas about majority will and the common good. How did these ideas influence the American and French Revolutions?