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BACTERIA

BACTERIA. BACTERIOLOGY J. ALEJANDRO BRAMBILA C. . D. ED. MICROBIOLOGY. MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY. MICROBIOLOGY. BACTERIOLOGY

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BACTERIA

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  1. BACTERIA • BACTERIOLOGY • J. ALEJANDRO BRAMBILA C. . D. ED.

  2. MICROBIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY

  3. MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIOLOGY VIROLOGY Microbiology MICOLOGY PARASITOLOGY

  4. PARASITOLOGY ENTAMOEBAS PROTOZOA. MALARIE

  5. PARASITOLOGY HELMINTHES MATAZOARIOS ARTHROPODS

  6. bacteriology • BACTERION MEANS = • ROD = “ CANE “

  7. PHENOTYPIC CLASSIFICATION • MICROSCOPIC • MACROSCOPIC • BIOTYPING • SEROTYPING • ANTIBIOGRAM PATTERNS • PHAGE TYPING

  8. BACTERIAL CLASSIFICATION GRAM STAIN : (+) POSITIVE (blue)‏ & (-) NEGATIVE (red)‏

  9. GRAM STAIN • 1880 DANES CHRISTIAN GRAM • 4 STEPS : • 1.- POUR ON CRYSTAL VIOLET 60 “ • 2.- WASH OFF WATER & FLOOD • IODINE SOL. 60 “ • 3.- WASH OFF WATER AND THEN • “DECOLORIZE “ WITH 95 % ALCOH. • 4.- COUNTER STAIN WITH SAFRANIN 30 “ • AND WASH OFF WITH WATER.

  10. WHY ARE GRAM (+) OR (-) ? • PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER : • (+) = VERY THICK • (-) = VERY THIN

  11. MAJOR DIFERENCES GRAM (+) & (-)‏ • (+ ) ( - )‏ • PEPTIDOGLYCAN 60-100 % 5-10 % • ENDOTOXIN NO YES (LPS)‏ • except Listeria

  12. EXCEPTIONS TO GRAM • 1.- MYCOBACTERIUM : ACID –FAST • 2.- SPIROCHETES : DARK FIELD • 3.- MYCOPLASMA : NO CELL WALL

  13. BACTERIAL CLASS. • BY THE SHAPE : • COCCI , BACILLI, • CURVED , SPIRAL

  14. BACTERIAL CLASS. • AEROBIC • ANAEROBIC

  15. AEROBIC GRAM (+) COCCI • CATALASE (+) : STAPHYLOCOCCUS • CATALASE (-) : STREPTOCOCCUS

  16. AEROBIC GRAM (+) BACILLI • CORYNEBACTERIUM • NOCARDIA • MYCOBACTERIUM • LISTERIA

  17. AEROBIC GRAM (-)‏ • NEISSERIA • SALMONELLA • ESCHERICHIA • VIBRIO • HELICOBACTER • BRUCELLA

  18. ANAEROBIC GRAM (+)‏ • PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS • CLOSTRIDIUM • LACTOBACILLUS

  19. ANAEROBIC GRAM (-)‏ • VEILLONELLA • BACTEROIDES

  20. MISCELLANEOUS BACTERIA • MYCOPLASMA • TREPONEMA • CHLAMYDIA • RICKETTSIA

  21. BACTERIAL STRUCTURE • EUKARYOTES = GREEK FOR “ TRUE NUCLEUS” : CELLS FROM ANIMALS , PLANTS AND FUNGI. • PROKARYOTES = GREEK FOR • “ PRIMITIVE NUCLEUS” : BACTERIA

  22. MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS • CHARACT. EUKARYO. PROKARIO. • Major groups alga, fungi, bacteria • plants,animals • Size > 5 micro 0.5–3 micro • Nuclear struct. • nucleus classic membr. No nuclear • membrane

  23. Major charact. • chromosomes strands DNA single DNA • diploid genome haploid • Cytop. Structures. • Mitochondria present absent • Golgi bodies present absent • Endoplasmic retic. present absent • Ribosomes 80S 70 S

  24. Major character. • Cytoplasmic memb. Sterols no sterols • Cell wall absent (chitin) protein. li- • pids & pepti- • doglycans • Reproduction sexual & asexual (bina- • asexual ry fission)‏ • Respiration via mitochondria via cytop. • memb.

  25. AUTOTR-OPHIC CO2 INORGA-NIC OXID. OF INORG. COMPO-UNDS -------- PHOTO-SINTHE-TIC BACTE-RIAL CO2 INORGA-NIC SUN-LIGTH H2S OR H2 BACT. METAB.

  26. MICROAERO-PHILIC LOW O2 CAMPYLOBAC-TER HELICOBAC-TER. FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES WILL RESPIRE AEOROBIC AND ANAERO-BIC MOST BACTERIA I.E., ENTERO-BACTERIA-CEAE O2 REQUIREMENTS

  27. AEROTOLE-RANT ANAEROBES WHICH TOLERATE O2 ACTINOMY-CES OBLIGATE ANAEROBES 1.- NO SUPEROXIDA-SE 2.- NO CATALASE BACTEROIDES CLOSTRIDIUM ACTINOMYCE O2 REQ.

  28. PHYSIO. TYPE CARB-ON SOUR-CE NITRO-GEN SOUR-CE ENER-GY SOUR-CE HYDRO- GEN SOUR-CE. HETE-ROTROPHIC ORGA-NIC ORGA-NIC OR INORGA-NIC OAXIDATION OF ORGAN. COMPO-UNDS -------- BACTERIAL METABOLISM

  29. CLASSIFICA-TION CHARATERIS-TICS KEY OBLIGATE AEROBES REQUIRE O2 NO FERMENTATI-VE PATHWAYS PRODUCE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE MYCOBAC-TERIUM PSEUDOMO-NAS O2 REQUIREMENTS

  30. Bacterial metabolism • pH : • Neutrophil 6 – 8 • Acidophil 3 • Alkalophil 10.5

  31. Bact. Metab. • Temperature : • Psicrophil : 15 – 20 • Mesophil : 30 – 37 • Termophil : 50 – 60

  32. Bact. Metab. • Osmotic presion : osmophil ( hight )‏ • Saline concentration : halophil ( hight )‏

  33. Cell structures • 1.- flagella • 2.- pili (fimbriae)‏ • 3.- capsules • 4.- slime layer • 4-.- spores ( some gram + )‏

  34. Bact. Struct. • Flagella types : • Peritrics • Monotrics • lophotrics • amphitrics

  35. INFECTIOUS DISEASE • PERIODS OR STAGES: • 1.- INCUBATION • 2.- PRECLINICAL (PRODROME )‏ • 3.- INVASION (DEVELOPMENT • COMPLETE)‏ • 4.- ACME (MAXIM POINT)‏ • 5.- DECLINE : RECOVERY OR • CONVALESCENCE

  36. Facultative intra cellular organisms • 1.- listeria • 2.- salmonella • 3.- yersinia • 4.- francisella • 5.- brucella • 6.- legionella • 7.- mycobacterium

  37. BACTERIAL PORT OF ENTRY • 1.- INGESTION : SALMONELLA , • SHIGELLA, BRUCELLA. • 2.- INHALATION : MYCOBACTERIUM, • STREPTOCOCCUS. • 3.- TRAUMA : CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

  38. ENTRY • 4.- NEEDSTICK : STAPHYLOCOCCUS, • PSEUDOMONAS. • 5.- ARTHROPOD BITE : RICKETTSIAS, • BORRELIA. • 6.- SEXUAL TRANSMISION : • N. GONORRHOEAE • CHLAMYDIA, TREPONEMA .

  39. PATHOGENIC ACTIONS • 1.- TISSUE DESTRUCTION : ENZIMES. • 2.- TOXIN PREFORMED : SYMPTOMS • OCUR MUCH SOONER. • 3.- ENDOTOXIN : DIC • 4.- EXOTOXIN : TETANUS • 5.- SUPERANTIGEN : TSST (S. aureus)‏ • ERITHROGENIC • ( Scarlet fever )

  40. PATHOGENIC INFECTION • 1.- NORMAL FLORA (COLONIZED )‏ • 2.- VIRULENT BACTERIA • ( INFLAMATORY RESPONSES)‏ • 3,.- OPPORTUNISTIC BACTERIA • (IMMUNODEFICIENCY)‏

  41. DETERMINANT FACTORS • A.- BACTERIAL STRAIN • B.- INOCULUM SIZE : SHIGELLA : 200 • VIBRIO or • CAMPYLOBACTER • 100 000 000

  42. PATHOGENIC INFECTION • PATH. VIRULENCE MECHANIMS : • 1.- ADHERENCE 2.- INVASION • 3.- TOXIN . 4.- ENDOTOXIN • 5.- INDUCTION OF INFLAMATION • 6.- EVASION OF PHAGOCITIC • CAPSULE • 7.- RESISTENCE OF ANTIBIOTICS

  43. PATHOGENIC INF. • ENDOTOXIN : • 1.- FEVER • 2.- LEUKOPENIA FOLLOWED OF • LEUKOCYTOSIS • 3.- ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT • 4.- THROMBOCYTOPENIA • 5.- DIC . 6.- SHOCK . 7.- DEATH.

  44. PATHOGENIC INF, • 1.- STRICT PATHOGENS : T.B. , • GONORRHEA , MALARIA , RABIES. • 2.- OPPORTUNISTIC : • STAPHYLOCOCCUS, • ESCHERICHIA , • CANDIDA

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