Chapter 17 Colonies

1. Chapter 17Colonies Carleen Long

2. Terms • Columbian Exchange- the transfer of people, animals, diseases, and plants between New and Old Worlds. • Pilgrims- First settlers in America

3. Terms • Puritans- Christians looking to “purify” the Catholic church • Iroquois Confederacy—an alliance among the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca peoples

4. Spanish • Society divided into hierarchy of estate • 1524-Council of the Indies in Spain supervised the government, ecclesiastical, and commercial activity in the Spanish colonies.

5. Spanish (cont.) • Geography and technology limited power • Justified the exploration of the Americas by saying they were spreading Christianity to the Amerindians. • The priest Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474–1566) was the most influential defender of the Amerindians during the early colonial times.

6. Spain cont. • Silver mines were a big influence on economy • Most located in Peru • The Sugar plantations also helped the economy • Most sugar plantations in Brazil • The most important years of silver mining took place in Mexico in the 1530’s and 1540’s

7. Silver Coin

8. Spain cont. • Missionaries • Worked with the Amerindians • Tried to teach religion and ways of life • Frusturated by language and cultural differences • Cruelty was typically the result of frustration

9. Spain cont. • New Laws of 1542—outlawed the enslavement of Amerindians and limited other forms of forced labor • Amerindian population had a sharp decrease in 1600s because of disease, epidemics, and other natural causes

10. English/ British • First journeys to the Americas can be described as failures. • London’s investors colonized what is now Virginia • Jamestown was abandoned for better land further inland • Main problems bringing settlers over- Not enough men. • 84% of white settlers were male in Virginia in 1625 • More women in Massachusetts= much higher population growth

11. English/British • Massachusetts became the best off area in America • Problem- Didn’t have good enough soil or long enough growing period for cash crops like tobacco and rice

12. Map of Colonies

13. English/ British • New York and New York City developed and became the trading and communications center of the colonies • Pennsylvania was developed by William Penn and the Quakers

14. William Penn

15. French • Settled in a similar way to Spain and Portugal • Trading • Traded with amerindians • Fur • Guns • Iron weapons • Utensils • Textiles • Alchohol • Resulted in a population decrease of beavers and deer

16. French • France’s North American colonies were threatened by wars fought by France and England • The neighboring English colonies were a threat because they were better off. • The “French and Indian War” was the final contest of France in colonial America

17. Amerindian

18. Map

19. Summary • Spain, england, and France all set out for new land • Spain succeeded • England’s success can be argued • Didn’t come where they had planned • Didn’t bring enough women • Did form successful colonies • Did successfully continue to grow

20. Summary cont. • France was a failure • Were ok at first • started trading with indians • Gave them firearms in exchange for furs • Leveled the playing fields and ultimately gave the Amerindians victory by giving them weapons and technology • Led to “French and Indian War”