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Analytical methods for Information Systems Professionals Week 7 Lecture 2 Qualitative Research

Analytical methods for Information Systems Professionals Week 7 Lecture 2 Qualitative Research. Today’s objectives To provide a guide to understanding texts on qualitative research To compare qualitative and quantitative research

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Analytical methods for Information Systems Professionals Week 7 Lecture 2 Qualitative Research

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  1. Analytical methods for Information Systems Professionals Week 7 Lecture 2 Qualitative Research Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  2. Today’s objectives • To provide a guide to understanding texts on qualitative research • To compare qualitative and quantitative research • To provide an overview of the types and uses of qualitative research Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  3. Types of Research Handout 1 Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  4. What do we mean by “quantitative”? What are we looking for when we do quantitative research? Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  5. What do we mean by “qualitative”? All the attributes of something which are not countable What are we looking for when we do qualitative research? Can something have attributes which are both qualitative and quantitative? Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  6. Qualitative vs. Quantitative or Positivist vs. interpretive/critical Very often qualitative and quantitative research are set against each other as polar opposites. However these are really discussions based at the method level. Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  7. The Research Process Theories Generalisations Hypotheses Observations Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  8. Objectivist = meaning and reality exist apart from anybody being conscious of them Constructivist = meaning derives from our interaction with the world Subjectivist = meaning is imposed on an object by the subject What do we recognise as knowledge How do we know what we know? What is “true” Four elements of research • Epistemology • Theoretical perspective • Methodology • Methods • Positivist • Interpretive • Critical The philosphical stance that underlies our chosen methodology – our assumptions Plan of action, research design and why • Techniques • Surveys • Interviews • observation Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  9. Samples of each element See handout 2 Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  10. Contrasting positivist and interpretive approaches Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  11. Contrasting positivist and interpretive approaches Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  12. Critique of quantitative methodology • Reality cannot be defined objectively, it is interpreted social interaction • Quantification can result in meanings that are closer to the beliefs of the researcher than the respondents • Hypotheses determines the course of the study • Methods become overridingly important • The quantitative model is the natural sciences, this model may not be relevant for the social sciences Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  13. Theory building in quantitative and qualitative research Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  14. Sarantakos, S. (1998). Social research. South Melbourne, Macmillan Education Australia. Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  15. So, what is qualitative research? • Emerged from the social sciences • Provides researchers with methodologies and methods for understanding people and their actions within social and organisational settings • Usually very contextual, focussed on the understanding of the richness and complexity of the settings within which people live, learn and work Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  16. Some features of qualitative research • Purpose is to understand rather than measure • Is holistic and accommodates the emergent properties of real-world situations • Places findings in context – historical, cultural, political Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  17. Is interpretive, ie social reality is constructed through interpretation • Uses naturalistic methods such as fieldwork • Is communicative: is understood and operates in the context of the process of communication, of which it is part Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  18. Some definitions Positivism - knowledge can be obtained through observation through the senses rather than through belief, applying scientific approach to social phenomena Symbolic interactionism – meaning is gained through social interaction eg concept of beauty. Individuals reach common understanding through language and other symbolic systems Structural functionalism (social systems theory) – society is like an organism and can be seen as a system an set of subsystems Phenomenology – there is an objective world but it can only be known through which can only be known through our perceptions of it. Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  19. Hermeneutics – gaining understanding through analysing and interpreting texts Content analysis is a form of this Ethnography – detailed description rather than explanation, study of whole cultures as systems from the informants point of view Ethnomethodology – making sense out of the informants perceptions Grounded theory – derives theories from observational data, emphasises systematic coding, achieving validity and reliability; combines qualitative and quantitative methods Action research – applying fact finding to praacital problem solving in a social situation with a view to improving the quality of action within it; involves collaboration of researchers and practitioners. Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  20. Qualitative data • Sources of data include: • - participant observation • - interviews • -documentary analysis • Types of data: • - semantic analysis (elicited data) – data we acquire in response to questions we ask • - observational data – data acquired through observation of the phenomenon of interest (researchers perceptions, video tapes, field notes...) • - Emic data – collected and described in categories relevant to the participants • - Etic data - collected and described in categories defined by the researcher Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  21. Uses of qualitative research in IS Information systems are embedded in and reflect social systems: cultures, organisations, teams. Combined with quantitative methodologies, qualitative research gives us rich tools for understanding the contexts in which we work, for communicating and for creating new oppportunities for organisations Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  22. Content analysis Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

  23. an old lady helps me as I’m crossing the road she sees the direction and the weight of my load she points to a man taking peace to the poor and a record is broken by the arm of the law and you and I as we skate pitch or ride we seek our adventures in the places we hide the pendulum dances, opinion poles swing not to mention the meaning of contemporary things Introduction . Problem . Literature . Data . Quantitative . Qualitative . Presentation . Cases .

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