India

1. India Mt. Everest-highest mountain in World Indian Ocean Arabian Sea

2. 3000 B.C. 1st Civilization started along riversThe flooding river = fertile soil In the beginning: 1st Civilization declined because of flooding and earthquakes

3. 1500-400 B.C Aryans (2 PGS) • Arrived in northern India • Extended family lived together and the oldest male was in charge • Only sons could inherit property • Young wealthy boys had a guru (teacher) until they went to school • Could not marry until you completed 12 years of school (90% of marriages arranged-still this way today) • Divorce was not allowed but if your wife could not have children you could have 2 wives.

4. Cattle was a prized possession • Sanskrit-written form of their language • Aryans groups were divided into tribes and each tribe had it’s own RAJA = prince • They would burn dead bodies (cremated) when a wealthy man died the wife was suppose to throw herself into the burning flame and if she did not she would be shamed (ignored) for the rest of her life • 1st plumbing indoors ! ! ! !

5. Caste Systemdetermined whom you would marry, what kind of job you would have, and whom you could hang out with Priests _____ Warrior & Rulers __________ Common People ______________ Unskilled workers/ servants __________________ Untouchables

6. Hinduism • 3rd largest religion in the World • Believed that dieties controlled forces of nature • Brahman was their universal spirit • Believed in reincarnation & that you would have many lives before you were united with Brahman • Dharma-if you did your duty & you were happy about doing it, then this would help you to be reincarnated into a better caste system • Karma-if you were good then good things would happen and if you were bad then bad things would happen to you

7. Buddhism 600 B.C. • Ordinary Hindus wanted a simpler life. They also felt that Hindu priest were more concerned about their temples /ceremonies then peoples needs • Prince Siddhartha Gautama-had everything (wealthy,looks, beautiful wife, son). One day he left the palace & saw suffering all around him. He wanted to find out how his peoples suffering could be cured. Meditated for 49 days and almost died • Finally, he learned that if you gave up worldly possessions (fame, money) sorrow would vanish • Spent 40 yrs. traveling and sharing his teachings • Prince Siddhartha is known as Buddha that means enlighted one • Dalai Lama-leader who headed the government, people believed he was Buddha reincarnated

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9. Empires of India • 500 B.C. Persia • 327 B.C. Alexander the Great • 321 B.C. Maurya Dynasty (empire) • No one specific ruler for 500 years • 320 A.D. Gupta Dynasty

10. Maurya Dynasty (2 pgs) • Good Governemnt • Good Army • Had spies to avoid rebellion • Set up postal system • Asoka the warrior

11. King Asoka • Asoka was a warrior who hated blood shed. He dedicated his life to PEACE and to the following of Buddha beliefs • Set up hospitals for people and animals • Built roads with shades area were people could rest • Built Stupas - shrines • Sent Buddhist teachers all over India to teach beliefs • Very prosperous when King Asoka died his empire grew very weak

12. Gupta Dynasty • Grew Wealthy from trade. Traded with China and other countries • They were Hindu’s • Golden Age for Arts and Learning • Pilgrims are people who use trade routes to travel to religious shrines Contributions Astronomy Set bones/ performed operations gold coins & metal mirrors Math infinity and zero

13. BOUS QUESTION • Who used cuneiform for a form of writing