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The Disadvantage

The Disadvantage. Provides an added measure to vote against the affirmative plan and vote for the present system. The Disadvantage. Uniqueness: States the condition of the status quo, should show that the status quo is in fine condition.

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The Disadvantage

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  1. The Disadvantage Provides an added measure to vote against the affirmative plan and vote for the present system.

  2. The Disadvantage • Uniqueness: States the condition of the status quo, should show that the status quo is in fine condition. • Brink/threshold: better explains the condition of the status quo as being close to a bad consequence. • Link: Shows how the affirmative plan disrupts the state of the status quo • Internal Link: Shows the causal step between the plan and the Impact. • Impact: Defines the implications or consequences of that disruption.

  3. Uniqueness: DA’s inherency • Arguments against and stemming from uniqueness • Non-unique: provides a warrant as to why the DA is not unique to case… but rather common to the status quo. • Impacts Denied: The impacts have not happened though a balance system was already interrupted. • Status Quo Links: Proves that there are added harms to staying with the present system • “OR” Uniqueness overwhelms the Link – DA Circumvention! • Contradicts Inherency Arguments – Their Inherency arguments claim that there is plan action in the status quo, were this true the DA wouldn’t be unique.

  4. Link:“My plan Does What?” • Common Link arguments • No-Link: the plan just doesn’t do what you say… with evidence of course • Link Turn: Explains that the plan in fact overcomes the link and prevents/solves the impact. • Link proves Solvency: If the DA is dependent on PMN (harms being solved) then it can be argued that solvency must happen before the DA. • No Brink/threshold: The plan is not a big enough disruption to cause the impact.

  5. Impact:“A world without nuclear weapons would be less stable and more dangerous for all of us.” - Margaret Thatcher • Intervention –Claims that mechanisms inherent in the status quo, independent from the Aff’s agent will intervene to stop the claimed Impact. • Impact turn –Claims the impact is a good thing and that causing it acts as an advantage. DO NOT LINK TURN AND IMPACT TURN!!

  6. Impact Calculus 101 • Magnitude – Claims one impact outweighs the other based on damage done. (Utilitarianism) • Timeframe – Claims one impact outweighs another based on which one would happen first. (Exigency and Salience) • Probability – Weighing model that claims one impact is more likely to happen… (realism; disambiguous) How to weigh impacts in round…

  7. Impact Calculus 101 Impact Calculus AP • Inclusively: World war is inclusive of a US-Korean War. • Reversibility: Destroying Human rights is reversible, Death is not… • A Turns Y: One impact causes another, specifically your opponents. • Internal Link Short Circuiting: One impact prevents a good impact from happening. • Pre Vs. Post Fiat: It can be claimed that something real is worse than something imagined…

  8. A Notion of Fiat • Fiat:Latin Term meaning “let it be done.” • Fiat is an agreement that “policy debate” should not be about Plan Probability but rather should be about Plan Desirability. • This agreement is that the debate is not about what “will” be adopted but what “should” be adopted.

  9. A Topical Proposition • Case must be related to the resolution • Must prove that the need-solution can only be obtained by adopting the topic • Jurisdictional Argument – means that the affirmative's proposal must fall under the judges jurisdiction to decide the round. • Topicality standards come down to education and fairness.

  10. Proper Shell • Interpretation - determines what words/phrases in the resolution the Aff violates (definition) • Violation – Warrants how the Aff violates those words/phrases • Standards – Provides a weighing mechanism by which the judge can determine if the aff is topical based on competing interpretations. • Voters – Gives a reason as to why the judge should vote on the particular violation sited above.

  11. Common Standards • Grammar – The resolution provides certain grammatical standards by which an aff interpretation must follow. • Field Context – provides a use of the interpretation based on expert’s uses in their particular field. (hopefully on the topic some how.) • Each word has a meaning – It means that one word or phrase cannot be so defined as to make another word or phrase meaningless. (Goes good with intent) • Debatablilty – Must fairly divide ground between the AFF and NEG. • Limits – In order to be fair the interpretation must limit the affirmatives choice of policy positions. • Intent – The people who wrote the topic had something in mind.

  12. Common Voters • Jurisdiction – Voting for topicality a jurisdictional matter and must be exercised • Education- By allowing a one sided debate we are not educated on the topic. • Fairness – To be equitable topicality must be a voter. • A priori- Topicality comes first in the debate, must rule here before the case.

  13. Extra Topicality • Claims that added un-topical plan provisions go above and beyond what is “topical” as claimed by the interpretation. • Can be expressed as an interpretation or as a resolutional analysis. • If the affirmative team claims added justification through either the PMN story or through advantages then there is abuse of jurisdiction. (Africa Topic: vote for us cause we save whales)

  14. Effects Topicality • Claims that in a vacuum (or by itself) the plan does not intuitively support the resolution, but rather, the effects of plan (i.e. solvency) are topical. • This means that you must look to solvency to determine whether the affirmative does in fact support the resolution.

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