A Time of Upheaval

1. A Time of Upheaval Unit 8

2. The Civil Rights Movement Challenging Segregation Chapter 25 Section 2

3. The Sit-in Movement • 4 Students • NC A&T • January 1960 they decided to sit at a whites only lunch counter at Woolworth’s • They sat at the counter until the store closed • 29 more students showed up and by the end of the week 300 students were participating • Ella Baker – executive director of the SCLC invited students to meet at Shaw University and encouraged them to create their own group

4. The Sit-in Movement • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • African American students across the South • Helped African Americans register to vote • Wanted people to help African Americans in rural areas • Fannie Lou Hamer was inspired by this movement

5. The Freedom Riders • Bus traveling still remained segregated • A group of African Americans and white volunteers decided to travel into the South • Freedom Riders • When the buses would arrive mobs of white people would attack the riders • Birmingham • Faced with a group of young men armed with baseball bats, chains, and lead pipes • Conner – head of public safety • Assigned no police because it was mother’s day and they had the day off • Later it was discovered that Conner had contacted the KKK and told them to beat the riders

6. The Freedom Riders • Kennedy and Civil Rights • Kennedy was cautious at the beginning of his term • Named 40 African Americans to high level positions in the government • Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (CEEO) • Stopped the federal government from discriminating on the basis of color

7. The Freedom Riders • James Meredith • African American Air Force Veteran • Applied to the University of Mississippi • Governor was blocking his way • President Kennedy sent 500 federal marshals to escort Meredith • Angry mob attacked • Fighting continued all night • Meredith attended the school for the rest of the year with guards and he graduated in August

8. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 • The March on Washington • More than 200,000 demonstrators of all races met and marched to Washington • “I have a dream”

9. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 • The Bill Becomes a Law • People were worried that a filibuster would be used to kill the bill • At the same time Kennedy was shot and Lyndon Johnson committed himself to Civil Rights Movement • The Bill is now a Law • Made segregation illegal in most public places • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was established as a permanent agency

10. The Struggle for Voting Rights • 24th amendment banned poll taxes in federal elections • The Selma March • March of Freedom – 50 miles • The protesters knelt at a bridge to pray and people rushed out to beat them • Bloody Sunday

11. The Struggle for Voting Rights • The Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Federal examiners had to register qualified voters • Suspended discriminatory devices • Literacy tests • The voting act was seen as a turning point in the civil rights movement • Segregation had been outlawed • New federal laws were put in place to protect voters