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Lecture 2 Early Humans and the Prehistoric Record: Human-Plant Interaction

Dating the Past. Lecture 2 Early Humans and the Prehistoric Record: Human-Plant Interaction. Human Fossils & Tools. Hominid fossils and tools date to 1.8 million years ago. There is some evidence of tools in Europe as early as 1.2 million years ago.

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Lecture 2 Early Humans and the Prehistoric Record: Human-Plant Interaction

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  1. Dating the Past Lecture 2Early Humans and the Prehistoric Record:Human-Plant Interaction

  2. Human Fossils & Tools Hominid fossils and tools date to 1.8 million years ago. There is some evidence of tools in Europe as early as 1.2 million years ago. An explosion of hominid remains appears in Europe about 500,000 years ago. Source: A. Gibbons, Science 291:1722 (March 2, 2001).

  3. Africa: The Source of Human Evolution. The dates above are the generally accepted dates but recent evidence indicates initiation considerably earlier. Source: Time Magazine, Feb. 13, 1995.

  4. Cultural Diversity Changes Source: Science 291:1725 (March 2, 2001).

  5. Early Humans as Hunters Portion of the “Hall of Bulls” in the Lascaux caves, France, showing drawings of bulls, horses, and stags.

  6. Bison and Horses

  7. Speared bison with extruded entrails Note the male figure with bird-like head

  8. Hunting of stags with bow and arrow Cueva de los Caballos, Albocacer, Castellon, Spain. Source: Singer, 1954., Fig. 89.

  9. Paleolithic and Neolithic Representations of Plants. Lascaux Paleolithic scratched image on reindeer horn. Pottery from Tejpe Sialk, Iran, 7,000 years ago Arcysur - Cure, Dep. Yonne, France (Singer 1958 Fig 66) Source: New York Times

  10. Plants as Clothing “Venuses” The Venus of Willendorf, Austria, dated 30,000 years ago showing a snood-like cap.

  11. Plants as Clothing “Venuses” A woven halter

  12. Plants as Clothing “Venuses” A grass skirt from a stunning figure found in Lespugue, France (facsimile sold in the Lourve).

  13. Bronze Age - Ice Man A B Plant derived artifacts of the Ice Man, dated about 5000 years ago, found in the Southern Alps, 1991 dated 5300 years ago showing uses of plant products. A. Reconstructed figure of the Iceman. B. Remains of grass cloak.

  14. C D C. Details of woven grass cloak. D. Woven grass net (left) found inside leather shoe (right).

  15. E F E. Leather quiver and wooden arrows. F. Wooden handle of dagger (top) and tool “retoucher” (bottom) used to sharpen flints.

  16. G I G. Birch bark container used to carry embers. I. Birch fungus attached to a leather thong used as a medicinal. H H. Sloe berry.

  17. Gatherers and Herders Domesticated cattle Tassili n’Ajjer. Cave painting, 5000 to 6000 years ago, of women gathering grain. Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria. Paleolithic representation of honey gathering. (Source: Bruce 1995).

  18. Early representation of plant that can be identified Predynastic drawing of palm tree and gazelle, 5000-6000 years ago. Cereal carvings, first dynasty, 5000 years ago.

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