BCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint

1. HIV/AIDS & Viral Hepatitis In the Criminal Justice Profession TCOLE Course # 3804 Texas Commission On Law Enforcement and Texas Department of State Health Services AND MASTER BCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint BCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint

2. ADMINISTRATIVE • Please complete the BCCO PCT #4 Registration form and turn it in now. • Make sure you sign TCOLE Report of Training (PID#, Full Name and DOB). • All cell phones off please – pay attention to course materials and show common respect & courtesy.

3. COURSE/LESSON OVERVIEW The purpose of this course is to educate individuals on matters pertaining to communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, HBV, and HCV which impacts the criminal justice profession.

4. Learning Objectives Learning Objective 2.0: The participant will be able to understand and explain relevant terms and definitions of HIV/AIDS, HBV and HCV Learning Objective 2.1 :The participant will be able to write general statements regarding HIV. Learning Objective 2.2 :The participant will be able to to list and describe the general stages of HIV infection.

5. Learning Objectives Learning Objective 2.3 :The participant will be able to write general statements regarding AIDS. Learning Objective 2.2 :The participant will be able to describe in writing, the relationship between HIV and AIDS. Learning Objective 2.5 :The participant will be able to write general statements regarding Hepatitis A (HAV). Learning Objective 2.6 :The participant will be able to write general statements regarding Hepatitis B (HBV).

6. Learning Objective 2.7The participant will be able to describe the relationship between acute and chronic HBV infection. Learning Objective 2.8. participant will be able to write general tatements regarding HCV. Learning Objective 9.2 :The participant will be able to describe the relationship between acute and chronic HCV infection.

7. FORWARD The occurrence of communicable diseases has dramatically affected every part of the justice system worldwide; Legal, law enforcement and custody issues. HIV, AIDS, hepatitis, and other sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) are big problems in the judicial system.

8. Acknowledgement This course is developed by the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement (TCOLE) for presentation to any individual associated with or employed by any entity of the criminal justice system.

9. Unit One 1.0 Functional Area: This section will introduce the participant to HIV/AIDS, HBV, and HCV. The participant will master an understanding of the relevant terms and definitions of HIV/AIDS, HBV and HCV.

10. Learning Objective 1.1 Learning Objective: The participant will be able to write general statements regarding HIV.

11. 1.1 General Statement (HIV) A. What is HIV? H = Human I = Immunodeficiency V = Virus

12. 1.1 General Statement (HIV)Cont’d • Virus that causes AIDS • Once a person is infected, they can immediately transmit HIV to another person

13. 1.1 General Statement (HIV)Cont’d • Destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers by killing or damaging cells of the body's immune system • A person infected may remain without symptoms for a long period of time

14. 1.1 General Statement (HIV)Cont’d • There is no cure for HIV. Once an individual becomes infected with HIV the person is infected for life. Drugs to fight both HIV infection and its associated infections and cancers are currently available.

15. 1.1 General Statement (HIV) Cont’d • Increased understanding of HIV disease progression, refinement and acceptance of holistic therapies, availability of sophisticated testing, ability to prevent or reduce the impact of opportunistic infections, and potent treatment therapies have made HIV an increasingly manageable chronic disease.

16. Learning Objective 1.2Learning Objective: The participant will be able to list and describe the general stages of HIV infection.

17. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection. A.There are general stages of HIV infection that one may go through before AIDS develops.

18. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d B. Infection. The earliest stage is right after infection with HIV. HIV can infect cells and copy itself before the immune system has started to respond. Individuals may feel flu-like symptoms during this time.

19. Infection HIV enters the bloodstream and begins to take up residence in the cells. People with HIV are considered to be infectious immediately after infection with the virus. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

20. Infection– Cont’d Although some studies suggest that the level of infectivity varies over time depending on the stage of the disease in which the person is, it is not possible for most HIV-infected people to find out what their level of infectivity is. A person with HIV is infectious at all times. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

21. Infection– Cont’d Also, a person does not need to have symptoms or look sick to have HIV. In fact, people may look perfectly healthy for many years despite the fact that they have HIV in their bodies. The only way to find out if a person is infected is by taking an HIV antibody test. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

22. C. Response. The next stage is the body responds to the virus. Even if a person doesn’t feel any different, their body is trying to fight the virus by making antibodies against it. This is called sero-conversion, when a person goes from being HIV negative to HIV positive. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

23. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d D. No symptoms. HIV infected individuals may enter a stage in which they have no symptoms. This is called asymptomatic infection. They still have HIV and it may be causing damage that they can’t feel.

24. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d E. Symptoms. Symptomatic HIV infection is when symptoms are developed, such as certain infections, including PCP. F. AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when you have a variety of symptoms, infections, and specific test results. There is no single test to diagnose AIDS.

25. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d Primary HIV infection FACTS Primary HIV infectionis the first stage of HIV disease, when the virus first establishes itself in the body. Some researchers use the term acute HIV infection to describe the period of time between when a person is first infected with HIV and when antibodies against the virus are produced by body (usually 6-12 weeks).

26. Within the first 72 hours after exposure, post-exposure prevention (PEP) may be possible. Up to 70% of people newly infected with HIV will experience some "flu-like" symptoms. These symptoms, which usually last no more than a few days, might include fevers, chills, night sweats and rashes (not cold-like symptoms). 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

27. The remaining percentage of people either do not experience "acute infection," or have symptoms so mild that they may not notice them. Given the general character of the symptoms of acute infection, they can easily have causes other than HIV, such as a flu infection. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

28. For example, if you had some risk for HIV a few days ago and are now experiencing flu-like symptoms, it might be possible that HIV is responsible for the symptoms, but it is also possible that you have some other viral infection. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

29. During acute HIV infection, the virus makes its way to the lymph nodes, a process which is believed to take three to five days. Then HIV actively reproduces and releases new virus particles into the bloodstream. This burst of rapid HIV replication usually lasts about two months. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

30. People at this stage often have a very high HIV "viral load." However, people with acute HIV infection usually will not test HIV antibody positive, since it takes the body approximately one to three months to produce antibodies against HIV 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

31. Scientists disagree about whether anti-HIV treatment is useful during primary HIV infection, and there is little information from clinical trials. Most HIV specialists believe that early highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is useful, and that its benefits likely outweigh the disadvantages of no treatment. 1.2 General Stages of HIV Infection…Cont’d

32. Some doctors are treating newly HIV-infected people with a combination of anti-HIV drugs. While many researchers are optimistic about early anti-HIV treatment, they are also concerned about drug side effects, long-term effects and the possibility of developing drug-resistant virus if people use powerful anti-HIV drugs before they become ill due to HIV disease. Some researchers think that if HIV replication can be slowed down early in the course of disease, it will take longer before a person develops AIDS. Several studies have shown that low blood viral load levels in the early stages of HIV disease are associated with less severe illness and slower disease progression. Some even think that it might be possible to eradicate, or completely kill off HIV, if treatment is started very early. So far, though, complete HIV eradication has not occurred, and most doctors recommend that anti-HIV treatment should be continued indefinitely once it is started.

33. Stages of HIV Infection • Infection • Primary HIV Infection • Sero-conversion (Response) • Immune System Decline • Mild, non-specific Symptoms • More Severe Symptoms; Opportunistic Infections and Diseases/AIDS

34. Learning Objective 1.3Learning Objective: The student will be able to write general statements regarding AIDS.

35. 1.3What is AIDS? A = Acquired I = Immuno- D = deficiency S = Syndrome

36. 1.3 General Statements (AIDS) A.AIDS is the common abbreviation for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome B. The term AIDS applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection

37. 1.3 General Statements (AIDS) – Cont’d C. AIDS is the result of the natural progression of HIV infection D. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981

38. Learning Objective 1.4 Learning Objective: The participant will be able to describe in writing, the relationship between HIV and AIDS

39. Relationship between HIV & AIDS • Individuals don’t transmit AIDS, they transmit HIV • HIV progresses in each individual differently • Immune system breakdown causes opportunistic infections/AIDS • Common opportunistic infections (PCP, KS, MAC, TB)

40. How would I know if I have HIV? • The only sure way to know your status is to be tested • The most common test is an antibody test\ • The antibody test (EIA) detects infection in most persons within 6 weeks to 3 months • Any positive antibody test must be confirmed with a second type of test, the Western Blot • Both tests (EIA and Western Blot) must be positive for someone to be told s/he has HIV

41. Split Decision Split Decision intends to open the lines of communication in relationships as it relates to the rapidly spreading HIV virus. This is a five minute short film of a longer piece of work directed by Sanedria Arne’ Porter, writer/director originally from Winston-Salem, N.C. currently residing in Atlanta, Georgia. This short film was written by Sanedria Arne' Potter & Kirk A. Moore.

42. Learning Objective 1.5 Learning Objective: The student will be able to write general statements regarding Hepatitis A (HAV).

43. What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is: • A disease that causes inflammation of the liver What does the liver do? • The liver is an organ that helps your body digest food and acts as a filter for poisons or anything toxic in the body Where is it located? • It is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, tucked up under your rib cage.

44. General Statements (Hepatitis A – HAV) • Hepatitis A (HAV) is a liver disease caused by the Hepatitis A virus • 1/3 of Americans have evidence of past HAV infection • Hepatitis A is found in the stool (feces) or persons infected with HAV

45. General Statements (Hepatitis A – HAV) • It is usually spread when a person eats food or drinks water that has been contaminated with the feces of someone with HAV • It is important to wear gloves when handling inmate linen or clothing

46. Signs and Symptoms of HAV • Persons may not have any symptoms • Older persons are more likely to have symptoms than children • If symptoms are present, they usually occur quickly and may include: • Fever - Tiredness • Loss of appetite - Nausea • Abdominal Discomfort - Jaundice • Dark urine

47. Signs and Symptoms of HAV • The average incubation time from exposure to symptoms is 28 days (15-50 days) • Symptoms usually last less than 2 months

48. Long-term Effects of HAV • There is no chronic (long-term) infection • One you have had hepatitis A, you cannot get it again • There is a vaccine for hepatitis A • If you have been exposed, Immune globulin can be given to prevent infection (within 14 days of exposure) • About 15% of people infected with HAV will have prolonged or relapsing symptoms over a 6-9 month period

49. Learning Objective 1.6 Learning Objective: The student will be able to write general statements regarding Hepatitis B (HBV).

50. What is Hepatitis B? • Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) • Hepatitis B is spread through contact with infected blood (usually through sex or sharing needles/works) • HBV has both acute (new, short-term) and chronic stages (ongoing, long-term) • The severity of the disease can range from mild or unapparent to severe or even fatal