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The French Revolution

The French Revolution . 1789 – 1815 Chapter 18. Geography of France. France Today 212,934 square miles 60, 700, 000 population Life expectancy is 80 years 76% of population live in urban areas 99% literacy rate 11 years of compulsory education. Geography of France. Geography of France.

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The French Revolution

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  1. The French Revolution 1789 – 1815 Chapter 18

  2. Geography of France • France Today • 212,934 square miles • 60, 700, 000 population • Life expectancy is 80 years • 76% of population live in urban areas • 99% literacy rate • 11 years of compulsory education

  3. Geography of France

  4. Geography of France • Label the following on your map • Countries and capitals • Mountains • Rivers • Oceans & seas

  5. Geography of France

  6. Background of the French Revolution • Essential Question: • What were the long term and immediate causes of the French Revolution?

  7. Long Term Causes • The Social Class Structure • The Three Estates Most discontented! Why?

  8. Long Term Causes • The Three Estates (Cont’d) Text p. 577

  9. Long Term Causes • The Third Estate • Paid 100% of French taxes • The majority were peasants who had little or no land • Peasants still owed feudal dues & duties

  10. Long Term Causes • The Third Estate • Also included shopkeepers, urban craftsmen & workers • Prices of goods affected them greatly

  11. Long Term Causes • The Third Estate • The last group was the bourgeoisie who were generally well off and owned land • Bankers, lawyers, doctors, industrialists • Felt they had more in common with the nobility and envied their privileges • Most widely read in the ideas of the….

  12. Long Term Causes ENLIGHTENMENT!

  13. Long Term Causes • Economic • Under Louis XIV “The Sun King” (p. 464-465) money was spent on… • War (Seven Years War, American Revolution & others) • Building of Versailles Palace • Entertaining the nobility • French culture

  14. Long Term Causes Versailles Palace

  15. Long Term Causes Versailles Gardens & Hall of Mirrors

  16. Long Term Causes

  17. Long Term Causes • Economic • Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette also spent money lavishly • Marie Antoinette was nicknamed “Madame Deficit” by the people

  18. Long Term Causes

  19. Long Term Causes • Political • Louis XV and Louis XVI were not great rulers • They did not control France the way Louis XIV had! Louis XVI as seen by the time of the revolution Louis XVI as seen at the beginning of his reign

  20. Long Term Causes • Social Economic Political • Taxes! • Government Debt • War • Versailles • culture • The 3 Estates • 1st estate • 2nd estate • 3rd estate • Desire for equality Poor leadership Introduction of Enlightenment ideas about government

  21. Short Term Causes • Social • The bourgeoisie began to make increased demands on the government

  22. Short Term Causes • Economic • Bad Harvests in 1787 & 1788 caused famine and unrest • France was almost broke • King Louis XVI was forced to call the Estates General to raise new taxes • The Estates General had not been called since 1614!

  23. Short Term Causes • Political • The calling of the Estates General was seen by many as the chance to fix the MANY wrongs that existed in France • Each estate submitted cahiers or grievances • The Estates General began to meet on May 5, 1789

  24. Short Term Causes • Political

  25. Short Term Causes • Social Political Economic Bad harvests Famine France was broke! Increased discontent Desire for equality Calling of the Estates General Submissions of cahiers Storming of the Bastille

  26. The French Revolution • Essential Question : • What was the impact of the Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen and the Constitution of 1791 on the French people?

  27. The French Revolution Begins! • July 14th 1789 • The Storming of the Bastille

  28. The French Revolution • Early Events • August 4th 1789 the nobles and clergy agree to give up all their privileges • August 26th 1789  The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen is adopted by the National Assembly

  29. The French Revolution • These events are considered the end of the Old Regime because….. • it ended traditions that had been in existence for hundreds of years like… • Feudal dues • Tax exemptions • Absolute rule • Division of society into strict social classes

  30. The French Revolution • The Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen • Used English Bill of Rights & American Declaration of Independence as models • Based on John Locke’s ideas • Equality before the law, merit based appointments, taxes paid by all, freedom of speech & press

  31. The French Revolution • October 5th 1789 • The King initially refuses to accept new laws • Women’s March on Versailles occurs then… The king & queen are forced back to Paris…how? The king accepts the new laws!

  32. The French Revolution • The Church & the Revolution • The Church represented the Old Regime • The new government needed money • The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was passed • The government confiscated Church lands and sold them! • The government placed the church under their control • The Church no longer supports the revolution 

  33. The French Revolution • The Constitution of 1791 • Created a limited monarchy (not absolute!) • National Assembly  Legislative Assembly • Active vs. Passive citizens All others, no voting rights Men over 25 who paid taxes could vote

  34. The French Revolution • Results of the early years 1789-1791 • The king tries to flee in June 1791 & is captured then placed under house arrest • The people of France begin to disagree about the revolution • Other countries begin to worry about revolution spreading…especially Austria & Prussia

  35. The French Revolution • The Political Spectrum Reactionary Radical Moderate Conservative Liberal “the political left” and “the political right”

  36. The French Revolution • Results of 1789-1791

  37. The French Revolution • Who’s Happy with 1789-1791…

  38. The French Revolution • Who’s not happy with 1789-1791….

  39. The French Revolution • 1792 is a turning point in the French Revolution • France declares war on Austria • Food shortages continued • The first battles of war were going badly • RADICALS began to take control

  40. The French Revolution • The Radical Phase • Radical groups took over Paris • Radicals forced the Legislative Assembly to allow universal male suffrage • Radicals were led by the sans-culottes • Radicals gained more support…why?

  41. The French Revolution • The threat of foreign invasion AND the lack of economic improvement caused many in France to call for “something new”

  42. The French Revolution • Not everyone supported the radicals! • revolutionaries v. counter-revolutionaries • France is now in both a civil war and a war with Europe

  43. The French Revolution

  44. The French Revolution • August 1792 • Paris and other areas erupted into VIOLENCE thousands died! • September 21, 1792 • The monarchy is abolished • France becomes a REPUBLIC • The royal family is under arrest

  45. The French Revolution • June 21, 1792 • Louis XVI was beheaded

  46. The French Revolution • After the execution of Louis XVI • Radicals imposed price controls • Peasants and others reacted against the radicals • Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain & the Dutch Republic allied against France • The Committee of Public Safety is then given STRONG POWERS

  47. The French Revolution • Review Main Ideas 1789-1792

  48. The French Revolution • The Reign of Terror • Maximilien Robespierre takes control of the Committee of Public Safety • 1793-1794 becomes known as the Reign of Terror

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