Antisocial Personality Disorder Psychopathy

1. Antisocial Personality Disorder & Psychopathy

2. Personality Disorders – Criteria1 Inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, manifested in two or more of the following areas: Cognition Affectivity Interpersonal Functioning Impulse Control Enduring, inflexible, and pervasive Leads to distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning Stable, long duration (adolescence, early adulthood)

3. Antisocial Personality Disorder1 Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others: Repeated performance of illegal acts Deceitfulness Impulsivity, failure to plan ahead Irritability and aggressiveness Reckless disregard for safety Consistent irresponsibility Lack of remorse Evidence of Conduct Disorder Individual is at least 18 years old

4. Features Associated with APD1 Dysphoria Anxiety, Depressive, or Substance-Related Disorders Involvement with criminal justice system and recidivism Premature death by violent means

5. APD in the Population Large study found that 3.63% of adult Americans meet criteria2 Prevalence is about 3% in males and 1% in females1 Found more often in younger age groups2 Found more often in forensic and prison settings1

6. APD and Psychopathy Hervey Cleckley’s The Mask of Sanity (1941) reconceptualized the disorder, focusing on the personality features2,6 Introduced the concept of inadequate motivation for antisocial behavior (just for the thrill of it)2

7. The Current Concept of Psychopathy2,3 Hervey Cleckley influenced the work of Robert Hare Integration of psychopathy research Robert Hare developed the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) Score from 0 to 40, with scores from 30-40 indicating psychopathy

8. Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R)2,3 Measures a two-factor construct that is similar to but different from APD Pays more attention to affective and interpersonal aspects Widely accepted and used in academic research into psychopathy as well as in forensic assessment

9. Factor 1 – Interpersonal Traits4,5 Glibness/superficial charm Grandiose sense of self-worth Pathological lying Conning/manipulative Lack of remorse or guilt Shallow affect Lack of empathy Failure to accept responsibility

10. Factor 2 – Antisocial Lifestyle4,5 Need for stimulation Parasitic Lifestyle Poor behavioral controls Early behavioral problems/Juvenile delinquency Lack of realistic long-term goals Impulsivity Irresponsibility Revocation of criminal release

11. Infamous Psychopaths

12. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. Oltmanns, T. F., Martin, M. T., Neale, J. M, & Davison, G. C. (2007). Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology (7th ed.). Hoboken, N J: John Wiley & Sons. Ramsland, K. (n.d.). Dr. Robert Hare: Expert on the psychopath. Retrieved March 8, 2007 from http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/psychology/robert_hare/index.html Hare, R. D. (1991). The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.  Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi-Health Systems. Hare, R. D. (1998). Without Conscience. New York: The Guildford Press. Excerpt obtained March 8, 2007 from http://www.lovefraud.com/01_whatsaSociopath/key_symptoms_sociopath.html