PEARL HARBOR

1. PEARL HARBOR JAPAN VS. UNITED STATES BY:IZHAR MEHAR & OMADE AZIZ

2. dATES/code name • The Pearl Harbor battle started on December 7, 1941 at 7:53 am. • The Pearl Harbor battle finished on December 7, 1941 at 1:00 pm. • Japanese used the codename Operation Hawaii for the attack on Pearl Harbour. • Later changed to “Operation Z”

3. This map shows from which direction the Japanese raided Pearl Harbor

4. A close up picture of Pearl Harbor just before the Japanese raid

5. Combatants of the Battle • Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was the commander of the fleet • His task was to construct a plan to strike down the American fleet in surprise • Vice Admiral ChuichiNagumo was assigned the task to attack Pearl Harbour by Yamamoto • Lieutenant Commander Murata was assigned to lead the torpedo bombers. • Lieutenant Commander Itayay was leading the Japanese fighters. • Lieutenant Commander Takahashi was leading the Japanese dive-bombers.

6. Strategic objective of attacking force • The point: to immobilize the Pacific Fleet so the US could not intervene with the invasion Japan planned with the Germans on China • In June 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt moved the Pacific Fleet from San Diego to Pearl Harbour • Japan was invading China and the US protested it • Was meant to put pressure on Japan and to ease its aggression on its neighbours • Instead the fleet made Japan eye the south Pacific with even greater desire • Presence of the American fleet at the center of the pacific ocean threatened Japan into striking first • Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was the commander of the fleet

7. Main objective was to strike down the American Fleet in surprise • By crippling the fleet, Japan would be able to dominate the Pacific • Yamamoto strike plan called for fighters, torpedo bombers, and dive bombers from 6 carriers • In other words, this would be the largest air strike the world has seen to date • The plan was to strike the targets including Pearl Harbour with multiple waves of attack, systematically targeting and destroying particular ships, airfields, aircraft, and drydocks. • In order to use torpedoes in the shallow Pearl Harbour, they had to be used effectively • o The torpedoes were fitted with fins so that they would run closer to the water’s surface without diving into the mud

8. Weapons used in the battle • Iron Bombs • These types of bombs would be dropped by aircrafts • Difficult to hit specific targets • Japan created thousands of these weapons • Come in a variety of sizes but were mostly in the range of 100, 250, 500 and 100 pounds in weight • Also come in different types such as high explosive, incendiary and armour piercing • Battleships that were securing he harbour were fitted with inches of armour plating so iron bombs with armour piercing was necessary

9. Torpedoes • Used against the ships in the harbour • Less successful than the iron bombs • Are best used in the open ocean because they can set themselves up for an attack • Need to be at a correct depth so dropping torpedoes from an aircraft in the water would take time to adjust • In the tight confines of the harbour at Pearl Harbour, many torpedoes failed to hit their targets • Many though did cause devastating effects to the US Navy

10. Midget submarines • Was useless in the battle because all three of the craft that was sent to attack the naval base became lost on the way • Aircrafts • Fast • Carriers 400 miles out to sea

11. Victor of the battle The victor of the battle is Japan

12. Factors that led to the success of the Japanese • There were many different types of bombers and fighters cooperating and attacking together like torpedo bombers to launch their torpedoes, plane fighters to sweeps enemy fighters from the air, dive-bomber group was ready to launch their attack, and other bombers made a circuit toward barbers point. • There were three different waves of attackers that were suppose to attack one after another but were done wrecking Pearl Harbor in first two waves.

13. Every attack was planned and everyone knew where they were supposing to attack, so that there was no chance of losing. For example, plane fighters and dive bombers bombed Hickman Airbase, Kaneohe airbase, and Wheeler airbase to not to let any American fighter planes in the air.

14. Factors that led to the failure of the u.s. • This failure is to be blamed at U.S. political, diplomatic, military establishments to recognize the capabilities of Japan and U.S. weaknesses in defense. • America was ill-prepared because it wasn’t ready for a war and needed more men to build America’s army for them to go in war. • America was warned by its ambassador in Tokyo as he stated that Japan was planning the attack but was ignored. The war warnings from Washington to Hawaii ten days before the attack were also ignored.

15. American lost because of their miscommunication between Washington and Oahu, and in between different services. Japanese messages were decoded by American naval army but all often failed to properly communicate their intelligence to others. • It was not only codes because on the day of attack Japanese aircraft were spotted by American radar, but were ignored and no action was taken. • The battle was also lost because American tried to guess what would Japanese do instead of what could they do. They guessed wrong.

16. Consequences of the battle • The consequences of the battle for the attackers was that America declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941.

17. The consequence of this battle was that it lead America to enter WWII. • America lost 2400 American and wounded 1200. 1103 sailors marines were killed when Japanese bombarded forward magazine of the battle ship called USS Arizona. USS Oklahama another battler ship was sunk, with heavy loss of life. Other six battle ships were damaged, and so were a number of cruisers and destroyers. Over 340 of the 400 aircraft on Oahu were destroyed or damaged.

18. Bibliograpghy • http://www.ccdemo.info/PearlHarbor/PearlHarborDayRemembered.html • http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/world-war-ii-comes-to-america-pearl-harbor.html • http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/history/pearlharbor_timeline.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/pearl_harbour_01.shtml • http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312233/pearlharbor.html • http://history1900s.about.com/od/Pearl-Harbor/a/Pearl-Harbor-Facts.htm • http://www.helium.com/items/1408552-weapons-used-during-the-attack-on-pearl-harbor • Book: Bombing Of the Pearl Harbor.