Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution

1. Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution Evolution Foldable • Fold 4 pieces of paper, hamburger style into a flip book. • Staple with two staplers at the top. • Write the title “Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution • Pictures for the booklet are on a separate sheet.

2. Flipbook should look like this… Place staples here (Inside of flipbook) Top Flap Natural Selection and Evidence of Evolution (Inside of flipbook) Bottom Flap (Front of flipbook)

3. Table of Contents • Inside of the FIRST BOTTOM FLAP, write the table of contents. • Write the page numbers of every page including the back of the book. • 13 pages total.

4. On the bottom flap write:Table of Contents page # • Modern Theory of Evolution ………………….. 1 - 2 • Origins of Evolution ……………………………. 3 - 4 • Natural Selection & Types ……………………... 5 - 6 • Influences of Evolution ………………………… 7 - 8 • Patterns of Evolution & Speciation …………… 9 - 10 • Evidences of Evolution ………………………… 11 -13 * Number every page after Table of Contents, 13 pages total.

5. 1. Modern Theory of Evolution

6. (Inside) On Top 1st Flap pg. 1 draw the Frayer chart What is Evolution? What is Natural Selection? EVOLUTION How does Natural Selection work? Why makes certain individuals more able to survive?

7. Page 1 directions • Complete the Frayer chart for page 1 using the information on the following slides (links below). • What is evolution? • Why makes certain individuals more able to survive? • What is natural selection? • How does Natural Selection work?

8. What is evolution? The change in populations over time.

9. Insights into why only certain individuals survive… • Traits vary among populations; these traits are inherited • Breeding with others that had desirable traits produced offspring with these traits

10. What is natural selection? • Mechanism of change in populations over time

11. (Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 2 draw: Who is Darwin? Who is Malthus?

12. Directions pg. 2 • Complete the chart using the information for the following (links below) • Who is Darwin? • Who is Darwin? • Darwin’s book. • Darwin’s hypothesis • Who is Malthus? • Thomas Malthus • How Malthus affected Darwin’s Ideas?

13. Who is Charles Darwin? • English scientist/naturalist whose ideas provide foundation for the theory of evolution by natural selection • Sailed on HMS Beagle for 5 years studying and collecting biological and fossil specimens

15. Major Ports of Call… • Galapagos Islands • Location: Near equator, 1000km off west coast of S. America • What he studied: many species of animals and plants unique to the island, but are similar elsewhere • Major findings: Observations led to his consideration that species change over time

16. Darwin’s book… • 1859, The Origin of Species • Detailed account on his ideas and theories that support evolution

17. Darwin’s Hypothesis… • Artificial Selection- breeding organism with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits • There is force in nature that works like artificial selection

18. Thomas Malthus • Proposed idea that human populations grow faster than Earth’s food supply

19. How Malthus affected Darwin’s ideas… • Realized organisms struggle to compete in changing environments. Many types of competition exist: • Food and space • Escaping predators • Location of shelter

20. 2. Origins of Evolution

21. (Inside) On Top Flap pg. 3 draw: BIOGENSIS SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

22. Directions pg. 3 • Complete the Venn diagram on pg. 3 using the following information. be sure to follow directions. • Click on the links below. • Spontaneous Generation • Biogenesis

23. Spontaneous Generation • Theory states that non-living matter produces life • Disproved by Redi’s Experiment “Life does not just appear, it comes from other living things”

24. Biogenesis • Theory that living things come from other living things • Proven by Pasteur’s experiment

25. (Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 4 : • Paste/Tape the following pictures

26. 3. Natural Selection

27. (Inside) On Top Flap pg. 5 draw: What is Natural Selection? How does it occur? NATURAL SELECTION Picture What are the types of Natural Selection?

28. Directions pg. 5 • Complete “Natural Selection” Frayer chart using the following information using the links below: • What is Natural Selection? • How does it occur? • What are the types of Natural Selection? • Picture (put picture on pg. 6 of your booklet.)

29. What is it? Change in an allele over a period of time How does it occur? Occurs in populations! Evolution can not occur in a single individual Natural Selection

30. Types of Natural Selection are: Stabilizing Directional Disruptive Picture:

31. A) mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction B) Mode of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes, selects against extreme values of the character and favors the intermediate variants C) extreme values for a trait are favored; the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups (Inside) On Bottom Flap pg 6. write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

32. 4. Influences of Evolution

33. Genetic Equilibrium Defined as the frequency of alleles that remains the same over generations Evolution only occurs when alleles are not in equilibrium Label the picture that shows “genetic equilibrium” Mutations Any change in DNA Causing individuals in a population to express a new phenotype (Inside) On Top Flap pg. 7 write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

34. Gene Flow also called migration addition of genes into a population alters allelic frequencies Genetic Drift random events remove genes from a population gene frequencies in a population change (Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 8 write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

35. 5. Patterns of Evolution & Speciation

36. Divergent Evolution Species that evolve to be different even though they come from a common ancestor Convergent Evolution Species that evolve to be similar to each other For example: they have similar structures (Inside) On Top Flap pg. 9 write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

37. Speciation a lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species (Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 10 write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

38. 6. Evidences of Evolution

39. (Inside) On Top Flap pg. 11 write: Evidences of Evolution • Adaptations- structural and physiological • Fossil Evidence • Anatomical Evidence • Embryology • Biochemistry Why? • Variation that aids an organisms chances of survival in its environment • Develop in a species over many generations

40. Structural Adaptations Teeth and Claws Protect against predators Mimicry Enables one species to resemble another Camouflage Enables species to blend with surroundings Physiological Adaptations What are they? Changes in organism’s metabolic processes Example: After years of exposure to specific pesticides, insects and weeds have become resistant (Inside) On Bottom of Flap pg. 12 write:

41. Fossil Evidence Indirect source Provide record of early life As record becomes more complete, the sequence of evolution is clearer Anatomical Evidence Homologous Structures- common evolutionary origin 2. Analogous Structures- no common origin, but similar in function (Inside) On Top Flap pg. 13 write: (more to write on next slide)

42. *You are finished with your flipbook. Color and decorate your flipbook. (Inside) pg. 13 continue write: Anatomical Evidence 3. Vestigial- body structure in present day organism that no longer serves original purpose Embryological Evidence • Similarities in development before birth Biochemical Evidence • All organisms share DNA, ATP and many enzymes among their biochemical molecules