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The Revival, Regeneration and Conservation Master Class: Focus Water

The Revival, Regeneration and Conservation Master Class: Focus Water. Suresh Kumar Rohilla Programme Director – Water Management Centre for Science & Environment, Delhi. Environment and Energy Conclave 29th and 30 th August 2014 at ITC Sonar, Kolkata. Structure of the Presentation.

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The Revival, Regeneration and Conservation Master Class: Focus Water

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  1. The Revival, Regeneration and Conservation Master Class: Focus Water Suresh Kumar Rohilla Programme Director – Water Management Centre for Science & Environment, Delhi Environment and Energy Conclave 29th and 30th August 2014 at ITC Sonar, Kolkata

  2. Structure of the Presentation • Summary assessment of water management in India based on CSE research – focus on urban water • Agenda for change – mainstreaming revival, regeneration and reuse/recycle for sustainable water management.

  3. CSE’s Recent Publication Volume 1 - dwells on how urban India is soaking up water, polluting rivers and drowning in its own waste ( 296 pages). Volume 2 - contains a very detailed survey of 71 cities, and presents an assimilation of the survey's results (496 pages). http://cseindia.org/content/excreta-matters-0 Buy online at http://csestore.cse.org.in

  4. Growing Water crisis Asia • In the last hundred years world population tripled .... but human use of water increased six times • Worldwide, the consumption of water is doubling every 20 years - more than twice the rate of increase in population. • Crisis is more evident in India as major population share is accommodated here

  5. Is India Water-stressed ? • Per capita availability of fresh water has fallen from 6042 cubic meters in 1947-50. • Reduced to 1545 cubic meters in 2011 within five decades • Based on the mark fixed (i.e.1700 cu.m) by the United Nations. India has already become a "water-stressed” nation.

  6. Emerging Water Scenario

  7. Emerging Wastewater Scenario

  8. Condition of Rivers and Lakes

  9. Urban Water Challenges in India The urban water crisis • Most cities are water stressed • Many places industry is given sewage (in place of water) • Every summer, there are riots, protests and sometimes killings • Urban water bodies (lakes/ponds)disappearing • Rivers polluted / dead • When rains come, it leads to flooding • Is available water safe ?

  10. Urban Water Challenges in India Not a single town/city has 24-7 Water Supply in India Not single city ranked health and clean city

  11. Water Resources Scenario

  12. Water for growth? • Cities-industries need water for growth. Where will this come from? • What are the options ?

  13. Indian town/cities need to become prosperous without more water - How is that possible?

  14. The conventional way: Bring water into the city – storage, diversion, pipe, pump, treat – from further and further away. Flush and carry the waste outof the city – pipe, pump, divert, treat – further and further away. The water-sewage connection

  15. Location of WTPs and • Sources of Water - Delhi Above 250 kms

  16. Relentless search for water

  17. Vaitarna cum Tansa 90 km Bhatsa 105 km Mumbai

  18. Manjira dam 100 km Hyderabad 105km Nagurjuna

  19. Nyari dam 2 Ajai 3 Ajai 2 Ajai 1 Nyari dam 1 Bhadar dam – 75 km

  20. 120 km – 1088 cr Bisalpur dam

  21. Indira Gandhi canal 204 km Rajivgandhi lift canal

  22. Classification of towns/cities Recommended maximum water supply levels (lpcd) Towns provided with piped water supply but without sewerage system 70 Cities provided with piped water supply where sewerage system is exists 135 150 Metropolitan and Mega cities provided with piped water supply where sewerage systems existing How is urban water supply need calculated in India ? Source: Ministry of Urban Development, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation Manual on Water Supply and Treatment, Third Edition -Revised and Updated (May 1999), New Delhi.

  23. Per capita supply is high and completely arbitrary CPHEEO Norm

  24. Official Water Demand, Supply, leakage loss and supply after loss

  25. Slums : Unreached, Un-supplied

  26. Cities Craving to Supply More 71 Indian Cities Survey by CSE reveals:

  27. paradigm – water supply The current paradigm – water supply More water supplied = More waste water generated = more costs for treatment = Unsustainable

  28. Water = Wastewater Cities plan for water, forget waste • 80% water leaves homes as sewage • More water = more waste • Cities have no accounts for sewage • Cities have no clue how they will convey waste of all, treat it, clean rivers • Cities only dream of becoming New York or London

  29. Sewage : more sums • 30% of total sewage can be treated • But Delhi and Mumbai alone have 40 per cent of sewage treatment capacity in the country

  30. Planning for hardware Cities plan for treatment not ‘sewage’ • Treatment plants are not simple answers • Can build plants to treat, but there is no waste being conveyed for treatment • Most cities do not have underground sewerage. But engineers sell pipe-dreams of catching up with infrastructure • Politicians buy pipe-dreams • We lose rivers. Generations of lost rivers

  31. Cities do not have drains • New growth cities are growing without drains • Backlog and front-log impossible to fix • As cities fix one drain, another goes under

  32. For example - Bengaluru: sewage notreaching • 3610 km of sewage pipes • 14 sewage treatment plants = 781 mld • Generates 800-1000 mld of sewage • But treats only 300 mld • Rest does not reach • Now plans to build 4000 km more • Builds, grows and more lines need repair • Catch-up that does not catch-up

  33. Partial treatment = pollution “Cities do not control pollution” and Cost of building system is high • City can build sewerage system for few not all • Spends on building pipes, repair and energy costs of pumping to treatment plant of this waste of some few • Spends to treat waste of some few • Treated waste of few gets mixed with untreated waste of majority • The result is pollution

  34. For example : Delhi Has 20 drains Has 17 STP Capacity exists But River Yamuna dead Why? Delhi keeps building to ‘catch up’ Can’t Sewage reaches river River has no water only sewage

  35. For example : Chennai Funds spent Sewage system coverage high Large number of pumping stations Why still polluted? Pumps and pumps Takes to outskirts of city Dumps it back into canals and rivers These flow through city Engineers say ‘all is well’ Waste is intercepted Only stormwater flows But not true Sewage flows , Treated sewage flows

  36. Water-waste portrait

  37. Urban water paradigm – cause & effect Supply Sewerage Treatment Water is imported – pipes, tankers, trains Raw water quality is very poor Supplied water turned into polluted water Costs of treatment for government Costs of collection and treatment for govt. Costs for government Cannot meet the demand Cannot meet the demand Cannot meet the demand Indiscriminate groundwater mining within and outside the city High health impacts among poor Growth of bottled water industry Polluted rivers and lakes. Further reduction of water supply

  38. Typical Water Production / Wastewater Treatment & Energy Use

  39. Cost Components 25-50/60 % revenue spent on water

  40. Water financials, a dilemna • Water price is a public issue (no volatility, even fixed) • Chemicals & additives will increase • Asset management need regular investments Source: Schneider Electric

  41. Example : River Ganga Basin

  42. Very Low Flow No Flow / Highly Polluted Low Flow / Navigation Disrupted Example : River Ganga is an over extracted and polluted freshwater ecosystem

  43. processing energy and H2O energy and H2O effluent domestic energy and H2O irrigation energy and H2O sewage pesticides HOW DOES ALL THIS THIS COME TOGETHER? hydropower Reduced Flow & Polluted River

  44. How to address the situation ?

  45. Managing Water Stress & Variability • When such water stress is reached, a new approach to water management within the catchment is required. • Rather than an engineering approach, these approaches seek to restore river flow through a multi-disciplinary process of managing water withdrawal. • Effective water allocation mechanisms need to be developed that manage the use of the scarce resource. • Ways need to be found to allocate water between competing needs within a catchment, while sufficient water is retained to ensure the continuation of ecosystem functions.

  46. Need of the Hour – Revival, Restoration & Reuse processing Sustainably managed hydropower Reduced pollution and energy use domestic Reduced abstraction & energy use Reduced pollution & energy use + better recycling Increased flows & cleaner water Reduced pesticides

  47. Urban Areas Cannot play catch up game Cannot flush – and forget Have to find new approaches : affordable and sustainable

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