1 / 43

Tests of the Newton gravity law at various distances

Tests of the Newton gravity law at various distances. V.N.Rudenko. SAI.MSU, INR RAS. G= 6.67 42 .. → G( r ) ?. Precision Physics & Fundamental Physical Constants, (Dubna, December 5-9, 2011). Contents 1. History of “fifth force” hypothesis

kalyca
Download Presentation

Tests of the Newton gravity law at various distances

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Tests of the Newton gravity law at various distances V.N.Rudenko. SAI.MSU, INR RAS G= 6.6742.. → G(r) ? Precision Physics & Fundamental Physical Constants, (Dubna, December 5-9, 2011)

  2. Contents 1. History of “fifth force” hypothesis 2. Theoretical motivations for the ISL probing. 3. Tests at long and intermediate distances. 4. Motivation of ISL probing at short distances. 5. Recent short range ISL tests. 6. Casimir force measurements. 7.Current limitations at non-Newton gravity.

  3. Start of the “fifth force” hypothesis at early 70th • Some experiments had found a difference between • space measured constant GNand lab measured constant G0 • Geophysical measurements results in GN > G0 • Stacey F.D., Tuck G.J. Nature 292, 230 (1981); • Holding S.C., Tuck G.J. Nature 307,714 (1984); • Stacey F.D., Tuck G.J.et .al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 157 (1987)…. • Lab. measurements: • Long D.R. Phys.Rev.D9, 850, (1974) ; Nature 260, 417, 1976 • Re-examination of Eotvos experiment data • Fischbach E. et.al. Phys.Rev.Lett. 56,(n1), 3-6, 1986 .we find that the Eotvos-Pekar-Fekete data are sensitive to the composition of the materials used, and that their results support the existence of an intermediate-range coupling to baryon number or hypercharge…” V(r) = VN(r) + V(r)

  4. Gravity law phenomenology

  5. T.D.Lee, C.N. Yang, Phys.Rev. 98,1501, (1955). Lee, Yang –were the first speculating that the conservation of baryon number B was associated with a vector field coupled to B and had given limits derived from known EP experimental tests: the matter is – (additional to gravity) scalar or vector interactions violate EP, so as they couple to a specific “hypercharge” (q) not masses of test bodies equivalent potential and acceleration of body (1) toward an attractor (A)  ratio “hypercharge” to mass is not universal (!)  EP violation

  6. Absolute G measurements : r ~ 5 – 50 cm G = (6.6742  0.0042 ) 10 -11 m 3 kg –1s -2 G metrology is very bad ! |G/G| has accuracy ~ 10 -4 at contrast : |c/c| ~ 10-9 fine str.| = e2/c| ~ 10-10 geocentric |GM| ~ 10 -8 etc.

  7. Metrological uncertainty of G measurements SAI MSU : Sagitov M.U., Milyukov V.K., Monakhov E.A. et. al. Sov.Phys. Doklady (1979), v.245, (3), pp.

  8. Cavendish type measurement at range 1m < r < 1000 m using GW detectors as very sensitive gradiometers: One - as a dynamically driven source of alternative g-field; Second - as a sensitive receiver with sensitivity x ~ 10-17 cm, τ ~ 3 10-4 sec it would be able to achieve G/G ~ 0.1% at the distances up to r ~100 m.

  9. Planetary dynamics restrictions

  10. The Cavendish experiment at large distances V. I. Panov and V. N. Frontov Moscow State University Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 77, 1701-1707 (November 1979) 0.3 m < r < 10 m m = 10g, M = (60 – 600) kg, τ~103 s, τr ~ 106 s. min Torq ≈ ∙10-6 dyn∙cm , 2l = 40 cm 1. G(r1)/G(r0) = 1.003 ± 0.006 r1= 0.3 m 2. G(r2)/ G(r0) = 0.998 ± 0.013 r2 = 10 m

  11. Experimental test of gravitation at small distances V. P. Mitrofanov and 0. I. Ponomareva M. V. Lomonosov State University, Moscow Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 94,16-22 (October 1988) 3.8 mm < r < 6.5 mm for small test mass FN → 0 as R-4requairement to sensitivity (!), min Torq≈ 5∙10-10 dyn∙cm r1 = 3.7 mm , r2 = 6.4 mm. (F1/F2)exp - (F1/F2)cal= (1.0 ± 5.4)10-2

  12. References : a “new motivation” for short distance ISL tests 1.E.Fischbach, C.L.Talmadze. The search for Non-Newtonian Gravity, Spriger- gerlach……  2. M.Bordag, G.L.Klimchitchaya, U.Mohideen, V.M.Mostepanenko, Advance in the Casimir Effect. Oxford Science Publishing 3..E.G. Adelberger !, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, S. Hoedl, S. Schlamminger,Torsion balance experiments: A low-energy frontier of particle physicsProgress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 62 (2009) 102–134

  13. Dimopoulos’s picture Sci.Am. 2000

  14. Sub-millimeter tests of ISL (1mm – 50 m) E.G.Adelberger, et.al. , PPNP 62 (2009) 102 – 134, C.D.Hoyle, et.al., Phys.Rev.D 70 (2004) 042004 Phys.Dept., University of Washington, Seattle, WA It is a new experimental idea was proposed: to adapt the “Cavendish type” experiment for “short interaction distances” it is profitable to deal with “lost test masses” (!), i.e. to use torsion balances with “holes instead of balls”. A simplest construction is two plane gravitating discs with bored holes. Several versions of the setup were developed by Eot-Wash group for to probe ISL at 1mm –10 mkm

  15. one rotation cycle at  produces the torque harmonic at N, N – number of holes along disc circle (folds), 2N , etc.

  16. Adelberger et.al. experiments first version (2004) with n = 10 second version (2009) with n=21

  17. Adelberger et.al experiments attractor consists two discs; more thick lower one has a phase shift in the hole structure; this allows to compensate the classical Newtonian force for a definite gap between discs (~ 2 mm at the picture)in the first harmonic …. just in this region a sensitivity to Yukawa forces has a maximum

  18. Output record for one rotation circle a) raw data b) fitted data c) residuals Adelberger et.al.experiments

  19. Plot of measured (calculated) torque black – N10, blue – N20 , red – N30 (orange – no compensation Nn) N10- residuals for || = 1,  = 250 m (Yukawa); and k=0.005 for the “power law” model Best final result: || 1,  = 56 m

  20. “Eot-Wash” results in general world labs experiments n=2 ,  M 3.2 Tev/c2 ||  1 ,  = 44 m  R

  21. A.A.Geraci et.al. PR D78, 022002, 2008 Stanford University range 5 – 15 m read out –FP cavity “test mass – fiber”; P~1 W test osc.– silicon micro cantilever 250•50•0.3 m test mass – 1.5 g (gold foil 27 m ; Pt/Co film ) measured force F = kz / Q; k~0.006 N/m ; Q ~ (8 – 1)104 Fmin ~ 200 aN / Hz ½ ; T ~ 10 K drive mass – 100 m deep gold-silicon strips 100 m • 1mm magnetic calibration – current in the drive strips Results:- the new limit Yukawa forces below 20 m the best bound: || > 14 000 at  = 10 m

  22. At the range 1 m – 10 m electromagnetic field vacuum fluctuation screens the Newton gravitational attraction: one has to measure the Casimir force.

  23. Lamoreaux exp.: first reliable measure of Casimir force; PRL 78,№1,5-8,1997 Washington University, WA 0.5  a  12 m test of QED,… not Newtonian gravity ! torsion pendulum; feedback, null method plate: D=2.5 cm , h=0.5 cm (optical quartz, film Cu, Au) spherical lens: Rcurv = 11.3 cm demonstration of the Casimir force 5%

  24. Sub micrometer range 0.48-6 µm M.Masuda et.al. PRL 102, 171101, 2009 ICRR, Tokyo University tungsten wire 60µm, 400mm Δφmin~ 10-6 rad/Hz½ feedback, null method P1→r=20mm, Rcurv=207mm P2→r=15mm, h=2mm, roughness ~ 22 nm

  25. Conclusions: up to the distance on the order of few micrometers experiment confirms Newtonian ISL for gravitational interaction with high confidential limit Thus a range of extra dimensions (if they exist) has to be less then 1 km Further search for extra dimensions (if continues) will not be associated with a measurement of gravitational forces

  26. Thanks for attention.

  27. The best world experiments on the measurement of G and CODATA values

More Related