INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

1. EAT 221 Assignment 1 review INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

2. Critically appraise how QUASCO approached their safety program. Ensure the following points are covered: How does the approach of Quasco compare with UK Health & Safety legislation and the recommendations of the Robens report? With UK Health and Safety subordinate legislation in mind what additional precautions and interventions might you have taken? Debate whether Quasco should have quantified, evaluated the risks in all areas first, thus identifying priorities, versus the alternative approach they adopted? The main emphasis of Quasco’s safety program was ‘the one year study’. What other managing systems might be employed and where would you advise Quasco to focus their efforts? The individual assignment should be produced as a formal referenced report with a word count (approximately 2500 words)

3. An example Introduction- Why is topic important, remit of author, how is the report structured (sign posting). tasty bits – brief taster- an important finding, why should the reader continue to read? Main Body – Critical appraisal of …. 1. How does the approach ……. 2. With UK. Health and …… etc. Conclusions – no new material, the drawing together of threads from the main body, reflection and comments References – Using Harvard system, list of references used in the main body, not a bibliography – list of sources you have consulted Typical Structure of a report

4. e.g. The comparison between research papers, what each says the pros and cons, the positives and negatives, the ‘good’ and ‘not so good’ of each side. In this case - a comparison of the approach that Quasco took versus what is suggested by UK legislation and practice In your conclusions you can provide your own opinion based on your analysis of the facts presented What is ‘critical appraisal'

5. Sources Journal papers – more credible/peer reviewed Books Internet sites e.g. HSE ROSPA Literature Searching

6. Use the Harvard System One of several different ways of citing references in your assignments and describing the sources of your references Help sheet can be obtained from my website Referencing

7. to acknowledge other people's ideas to show that you are not just giving your own opinions but are also including other people's to illustrate a point or offer support for an argument you want to make to enable readers of your work to find the source material you have used Why do we need to reference?

8. Some key points –there are many more! Used Quality Control Circle to improve safety Management involvement? (pg.242) Objectives were productivity and cost related (pg,233) How did QCC approach risk assessment? (in groups read case study and present findings) The Assignment – Quasco approach

9. Studied all 4 zones to determine which jobs were hazardous to workers Picked the area with the most hazards. How did they assess? Used highly qualitative measures e.g. ‘so the job was risky’ What was the QCC approach?

10. Key Areas Covered in lecture

11. Roben’s committee set up in 1970 To quell union concerns over the legislation at the time – issues of inequality across industries and lack of safeguards Roben’s committee reported in 1972 Main recommendations: Replace existing legislation with one act applying to all persons at work Replace detail with a few simple precepts that can be generally applied Change enforcement approach so that prosecution is not always the first resort Ensure occupational safety protects visitor and the public Place more emphasis on safe systems of work rather than technical standards Actively involve workers in procedures for accident prevention at their place of work Relevant parts of Roben’s report

12. Duties imposed on employers and others by the act : Provide and maintain plant and systems of work that are safe and without risks to health Ensure that the use, handling ,storage and transport of articles and substances is safe and without risk Provide such information, instruction, training and supervision to ensure that employees can carry out their jobs safely Ensure that any workshop is safe and healthy and that safe means of access and egress are maintained, particularly in respect of high standards of housekeeping, cleanliness, disposal of rubbish and stacking of goods in the proper place Keep the workplace environment safe and healthy, so that the atmosphere is such as not to give rise to poisoning, gassing or the encouragement of the development of diseases. The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

13. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSH) regs. 1988 The Electricity at Work regs. 1989 Health & Safety at Work regs. 1974 Manual Handling regs. 1992 Noise at Work regs. 1989 Personal Protective Equipment at Work (PPE) regs.1992 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) regs.1992 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences regs.1985 Some key Regulations

14. How are Accidents typically distributed (Bird study) 1 Serious and disabling accidents Proactive approach - focus your safety efforts on these two areas 10 First Aid Injuries Damage to Plant and equipment 30 Near misses/dangerous occurrences 100 Bird,F.R. & Loftus,R.G (1976) . ‘Loss Control Systems’ Institute Press

15. An Accident Control system Prevention Approaches Work Process OUTPUTS PEOPLE INPUTS Reports of Accidents, first aid injuries, damage, near misses Managing system Method statement, permit to work, PPE, COSH Accident investigations Root cause analysis Standards,targets

16. Reactive approaches– employed post incident accident investigations corrective action ‘must do everything reasonably practicable to reduce risk’ Management interventions to reduce the risk of accidents COST RISK

17. Proactive Safety Approaches - Identify, evaluate and control hazards/risks before an accident occurs Safety Inspections Employee involvement Safe systems of work Risk assessment Warning signs Guarding, interlocking Procedures Poka Yoke – foolproof systems Monitoring of performance Deterrents – rules, regulations, penalties Proactive Safety Approaches