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IDENTIFY THE SOUND SYSTEM

IDENTIFY THE SOUND SYSTEM. What’s the Sound?. IDENTIFY THE SOUND SYSTEM. Sound is the signal that resulted by a vibrate, can hear by human and can be transmitted by air material, solid material, and liquid material. What’s the Sound?. IDENTIFY THE SOUND SYSTEM.

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IDENTIFY THE SOUND SYSTEM

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  1. IDENTIFY THE SOUND SYSTEM PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  2. What’s the Sound? IDENTIFY THE SOUND SYSTEM Sound is the signal that resulted by a vibrate, can hear by human and can be transmitted by air material, solid material, and liquid material PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  3. What’s the Sound? IDENTIFY THE SOUND SYSTEM Sound often call as AUDIO SIGNAL Have a frequency from 20 Hertz to 20.000 Hertz PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  4. Amplitude (Volt) Frequency (Hertz) AUDIO SIGNAL WAVE FORM PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  5. HUMAN ELECTRONICS TOOLS AUDIO SOURCE INSTRUMENT OTHER SOMETHING VIBRATE AUDIO GENERATOR PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  6. HUMAN AUDIO SOURCE Is the sound resulted by human speech, such as we speak something. Also resulted by Animals such as cat, dog, etc. PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  7. INSTRUMENT AUDIO SOURCE Is the sound resulted by musical instrument, such as guitar, drums, percussion, etc. PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  8. AUDIO GENERATOR AUDIO SOURCE Is the electronics tool that specially used for resulting audio signal. This tool is used in Electronics laboratories PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  9. ELECTRONIC TOOLS AUDIO SOURCE Television Tape Recorder Active Speaker Hand phone Radio Computer PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  10. OTHER VIBRATE AUDIO SOURCE Is the vibrate that resulted the sound, but not specially, such as machine, knock the door, bendajatuh, pukulan, etc. PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  11. THE SOUND SYSTEM PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  12. AUDIO AMPLIFIER AUDIO SOURCE AUDIO PROCESSOR THE SOUND SYSTEM AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESS DIAGRAM LOUD SPEAKER PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  13. The audio source in Sound System is : AUDIO SOURCE MICROPHONE TAPE RECORDER DVD/CD PLAYER COMPUTER FM TUNER PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  14. The audio processor in Sound System is : AUDIO PROCESSOR AUDIO MIXER EQUALIZER EFFECT GENERATOR COMPOSER LIMITER PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  15. The audio processor in Sound System is : AUDIO PROCESSOR POWER AMPLIFIER • LOUD SPEAKER • - SUB WOOFER • WOOFER • MIDLE SPEAKER • TWEETER • FULLRANGE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  16. THE MICROPHONE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  17. an acoustic to electric Transducer or sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal MICROPHONE sometimes colloquially called a mic or mike PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  18. Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, tape recorders, hearing aids, motion pictures production, live and recorded audio engineering, in radio and television broadcasting and in computers for recording voice, VoIP, and for non-acoustic purposes such as ultrasonic checking MICROPHONE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  19. The sensitive transducer element of a microphone is called its element or capsule VARIETIES of MICROPHONE A complete microphone also includes a housing, some means of bringing the signal from the element to other equipment, and often an electronic circuit to adapt the output of the capsule to the equipment being driven PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  20. Condenser, capacitor or electrostatic microphone VARIETIES of MICROPHONE Dynamic microphone Carbon microphone Piezoelectric microphone Fiber optical microphone Laser microphone Liquid microphone MEMS microphone PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  21. The diaphragm acts as one plate of a capacitor, and the vibrations produce changes in the distance between the plates CONDENSER, CAPACITOR OR ELECTROSTATIC MICROPHONE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  22. There are two methods of extracting an audio output from the transducer thus formed: • DC-biased • radio frequency (RF) or high frequency (HF) condenser microphones CONDENSER, CAPACITOR OR ELECTROSTATIC MICROPHONE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  23. Condenser microphones span the range from telephone transmitters to inexpensive karaoke microphones to high-fidelity recording microphones CONDENSER, CAPACITOR OR ELECTROSTATIC MICROPHONE They generally produce a high-quality audio signal and are now the popular choice in laboratory and studio recording applications They require a power source, provided either from microphone inputs as phantom power or from a small battery PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  24. Condenser microphones are also available with two diaphragms, the signals from which can be electrically connected such as to provide a range of polar patterns CONDENSER, CAPACITOR OR ELECTROSTATIC MICROPHONE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  25. An electret microphone is a relatively new type of capacitor microphone invented at Bell Laboratories in 1962 by Gerhard Sessler and Jim West ELECTRET CONDENSER MICROPHONE The externally-applied charge described above under condenser microphones is replaced by a permanent charge in an electret material PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  26. Dynamic microphones work via electromagnetic induction DYNAMIC MICROPHONE They are robust, relatively inexpensive and resistant to moisture This, coupled with their potentially high gain before feedback makes them ideal for on-stage use PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  27. Moving coil microphone, use the same dynamic principle as in a loudspeaker, only reversed DYNAMIC MICROPHONE A small movable induction coil, positioned in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet, is attached to the diaphragm PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  28. Ribbon microphones use a thin, usually corrugated metal ribbon suspended in a magnetic field. RIBBON MICROPHONE The ribbon is electrically connected to the microphone's output, and its vibration within the magnetic field generates the electrical signal PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  29. Ribbon microphones are similar to moving coil microphones in the sense that both produce sound by means of magnetic induction. RIBBON MICROPHONE Basic ribbon microphones detect sound in a bidirectional (also called figure-eight) pattern because the ribbon, which is open to sound both front and back, responds to the pressure gradient rather than the sound pressure PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  30. A carbon microphone is a capsule containing carbon granules pressed between two metal plates CARBON MICROPHONE A voltage is applied across the metal plates, causing a small current to flow through the carbon PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  31. Unlike other microphone types, the carbon microphone can also be used as a type of amplifier, using a small amount of sound energy to produce a larger amount of electrical energy CARBON MICROPHONE Carbon microphones found use as early telephone repeaters, making long distance phone calls possible in the era before vacuum tubes PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  32. Sound Waves Audio Signal A crystal microphone uses the phenomenon of piezoelectricity — the ability of some materials to produce a voltage when subjected to pressure — to convert vibrations into an electrical signal PIEZOELECTRIC MICROPHONE Crystal microphones were once commonly supplied with vacuum tube (valve) equipment, such as domestic tape recorders PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  33. Piezoelectric transducers are often used as contact microphones to amplify sound from acoustic musical instruments, to sense drum hits, for triggering electronic samples, and to record sound in challenging environments, such as underwater under high pressure PIEZOELECTRIC MICROPHONE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  34. The fiber optical microphone is an entirely new microphone concept, first invented in Israel in 1984 by Drs. Alexander Paritsky and Alexander Kots FIBER OPTICAL MICROPHONE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  35. Conversion of acoustical waves into electrical signals is achieved not by sensing changes in capacitance or magnetic fields (as with conventional microphones), but instead by sensing changes in light intensity FIBER OPTICAL MICROPHONE PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  36. The fiber optical microphone has very specific advantages over conventional microphones FIBER OPTICAL MICROPHONE No electronic or metal components are used in the microphone head or the connecting fibers The physical nature of optical fiber light propagation PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  37. Laser microphones are often portrayed in movies as spy gadgets ? LASER MICROPHONE A laser beam is aimed at the surface of a window or other plane surface that is affected by sound The former implementation is a tabletop experiment; the latter requires an extremely stable laser and precise optics PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  38. Early microphones did not produce intelligible speech, until Alexander Graham Bell made improvements including a variable resistance microphone/transmitter ? LIQUID MICROPHONE A sound wave caused the diaphragm to move, forcing a needle to move up and down in the water The electrical resistance between the wire and the cup was then inversely proportional to the size of the water meniscus around the submerged needle PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  39. The MEMS (Micro Electrical-Mechanical System) microphone is also called a microphone chip or silicon microphone MEMS MICROPHONE The pressure-sensitive diaphragm is etched directly into a silicon chip by MEMS techniques, and is usually accompanied with integrated preamplifier Most MEMS microphones are variants of the condenser microphone design Often MEMS microphones have built in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuits on the same CMOS chip making the chip a digital microphone and so more readily integrated with modern digital products PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  40. A loudspeaker, a transducer that turns an electrical signal into sound waves, is the functional opposite of a microphone SPEAKERS AS MICROPHONES speakers can actually work "in reverse" as microphones The result, though, is a microphone with poor quality, limited frequency response (particularly at the high end), and poor sensitivity In practical use, speakers are sometimes used as microphones in such applications as intercoms or walkie-talkies, where high quality and sensitivity are not needed PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  41. The inner elements of a microphone are the primary source of differences in directivity CAPSULE DESIGN AND DIRECTIVITY A pressure microphone uses a diaphragm between a fixed internal volume of air and the environment, and responds uniformly to pressure from all directions, so it is said to be unidirectional A pressure-gradient microphone uses a diaphragm which is at least partially open on both sides; the pressure difference between the two sides produces its directional characteristics PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  42. CAPSULE DESIGN AND DIRECTIVITY PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  43. MICROPHONE POLAR PATTERNS A microphone's directionality or polar pattern indicates how sensitive it is to sounds arriving at different angles about its central axis PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  44. OMNIDIRECTIONAL MICROPHONE POLAR PATTERNS Sub Cardioids Unidirectional Cardioids Cardioids Super Cardioids Bi-directional Hyper Cardioids Shotgun PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  45. An omnidirectional (or nondirectional) microphone's response is generally considered to be a perfect sphere in three dimensions OMNIDIRECTIONAL The wavelength of sound at 10 kHz is little over an inch (3.4 cm) so the smallest measuring microphones are often 1/4" (6 mm) in diameter, which practically eliminates directionality even up to the highest frequencies. PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  46. An unidirectional microphone is sensitive to sounds from only one direction UNIDIRECTIONAL The microphone faces upwards in each diagram The sound intensity for a particular frequency is plotted for angles radial from 0 to 360° PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  47. The most common unidirectional microphone is a cardioids microphone, so named because the sensitivity pattern is heart-shaped CARDIOIDS A cardioids microphone is effectively a superposition of an omnidirectional and a figure-8 microphone; for sound waves coming from the back, the negative signal from the figure-8 cancels the positive signal from the omnidirectional element, whereas for sound waves coming from the front, the two add to each other. PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  48. CARDIOIDS SUBCARDIOID CARDIOID PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  49. CARDIOIDS SUPERCARDIOID HYPERCARDIOID PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

  50. "Figure 8" or bi-directional microphones receive sound from both the front and back of the element BI-DIRECTIONAL Most ribbon microphones are of this pattern PLANNING THE SOUND SYSTEM

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