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Lecture 3

Lecture 3. Central Vowels. Revision: 后元音: [ɑ:] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [u] [u:]. 写出下列单词的音标并拼读: 1. horrify 2. hoof 3. hood 4. hoard 5. moth 6. naughty 7. opt 8. parlor 9. pore 10. prawn 11. scar 12. scoop 13. scorn 14. screw 15. shark

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Lecture 3

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  1. Lecture 3 Central Vowels

  2. Revision:后元音: [ɑ:] [ɔ] [ɔ:][u] [u:] • 写出下列单词的音标并拼读: • 1. horrify 2. hoof 3. hood • 4. hoard 5. moth 6. naughty • 7. opt 8. parlor 9. pore • 10. prawn 11. scar 12. scoop • 13. scorn 14. screw 15. shark • 16. smog 17. snore 18. socket • 19. tar 20. zoon

  3. Keys: • 1. [‘hɔrifai] 2. [hu:f] 3. [hud] • 4. [hɔ:d ] 5. [mɔθ] 6. [‘nɔ :ti] • 7. [ɔpt] 8. [‘pɑ:lə] 9. [ɔ :d] • 10. [prɔ:n] 11. [skɑ:] 12.[sku:p] • 13. [skɔ:n] 14. [skru:] 15. [ʃɑ:k] • 16. [smɔg] 17. [snɔ:] 18. [‘sɔkit] • 19. [tɑ:] 20. [zu:n]

  4. 中元音:[ə:] [ə] [ʌ] • 发音时舌端离下齿,舌中部抬高。 • [ə:]舌端离下齿,舌身平展,舌中部向上腭抬起,舌位接近[e]的舌位高度;唇形扁平,向左右略为拉开,成微笑状;牙床开合程度略小于[e]的开合程度,介于半合半开之间,接近于半合。 the first term the third world the early bird thirty shirts and skirts The workers worked in the dirty workshop. I urged the thirsty nurse to drink first. I gave her some pearls for her thirty-first birthday.

  5. er [ə:] her, verb (merry [‘meri ], terrible [’terəbl]除外)(重读音节中) • ir [ə:] girl, shirt (mirror [‘mirə]除外)(重读音节中) • or [ə:] work, worse (worry [‘wʌri]除外)(在w后) • ur [ə:] hurt, burn (hurry [‘hʌri]除外) (重读音节中)

  6. [ə]舌端离下齿,舌身平展而放松,舌中部向上腭抬起,舌位高低介于[e]和[æ]的舌位之间,也即介于[ə:]和[ʌ]的舌位之间;唇形扁平、放松,是单元音中最松弛的一个;牙床开合程度接近半开,介于[ə:]和[ʌ]的开口程度之间。 around a corner betterand better overand overagain about the worker accept a member sooner or later We’ll have a get-together the day after tomorrow. I am a teacher, she’s a dancer. Better late than never.

  7. ar [ə] collar, sugar(非重读音节中) • e [ə] problem, happen(非重读音节中) • er [ə] teacher, worker(非重读音节中) • o [ə] polite, toward(非重读音节中) • or [ə] visitor, doctor(非重读音节中) • u [ə] autumn, success(非重读音节中) • ur [ə] surprise, Saturday(非重读音节中)

  8. 比较[ә]和[ә:] [ә] [ә:] as earth but bird was worse mama murmur

  9. [ʌ] 舌中部向上腭抬起,舌端离下齿,舌身自然平展,舌位略高于[æ]的舌位;唇形扁平、放松;牙床开合程度介于半开和开之间,略小于[æ]的开口程度。 • much love a cup and some nuts just once a wonderful sunset Look, the sun has come up. Hurry up. The bus is coming. He told the funny story just for fun.

  10. o [ʌ] some, son, brother(m, n或th 前) • oo [ʌ] flood, blood • ou [ʌ] touch, country • u [ʌ] cup, run (truth [tru:θ], busy [‘bizi]除外)(重读闭音节中)

  11. Ⅰ 什么叫单词重音? 任何一个双音节或多音节单词单独念时至少有一个音节念得比其它音节要重些,这种语音现象就叫单词重音;有些单词有主重音、次重音或双重音。单词的主重音记录时在重读音节的左上角打上“”表示,次重音在左下方打“”,如:return [ritə:n], written [rit(ə)n], redo [ ri:du:], desert [dezet](沙漠), revolutionary [,reve  lu:Feneri] (给单音节词标注的音标不打重音符号,如: me [mi:], can [kæn] , do [du:])。 单词重音

  12. Ⅱ 单词重音的规律: • 1. 双音节词的读音模式 • ①双音节名词的重音多在第一个音节上(/--)。 如pencil[5pensl] , money[5mQn], context[5kCntekst], product[5prCdQkt], colour[5kQlE], baby[5beb], sister[5sstE], father[5fB:TE], window[5wndEu] 如果第二个音节含长元音或双元音,则重音多在第二个音节上,如:bamboo[bAm5bu:], baloon[bE5lu:n], shampoo[FAm5pu:], canteen[kAn5ti:n], design[d5zan], parade[pE5red] 但有例外的情况:如hero[5hErEu], female[5fi:mel], record[5rekC:d], concert[5kCnsEt], expert[5ekspEt]

  13. ②双音节动词的第二个音节如属于下列情况,重音都在第二个音节上:②双音节动词的第二个音节如属于下列情况,重音都在第二个音节上: • A. 含长元音:如desert[d5zE:t], increase[n5kri:s], record[r5kC:d], produce[prE5dju:s], recall[r5kC:l] • B. 含双元音:apply[E5pla], arrive[E5rav], employ[m5plC], allow[E5lau], debate[d5bet], • C. 以两个辅音字母结尾: attack[E5tAk], attract[E5trAkt], assist[E5sst], object [5CbdVkt], belong[b5lɒN]

  14. 其它情况均为第一个音节重读,如open[5EupEn], enter[5entE], study[5stQd], follow[5fɒlEu], borrow[5bɒrEu]。但有例外,如permit[pE5mt], rebel[r5bel], commit[kE5mt] • ③双音节形容词的重音规律和动词的重音规律一样。 • A. 第二个音节含长元音时须重读:minute[ma5nju:t](微小的), genteel[dVen5ti:l](斯文的)。

  15. B. 第二个音节含双元音时须重读:如alive[E5lav], sublime[sE5blam](崇高的)。 • C. 第二个音节以两个(或三个)辅音字母结尾须重读。如:correct[kE5rekt], direct[d5rekt], robust[rE5bQst](健壮的), distinct[dis5tNkt], • 不属于上述情况的均为第一个音节重读。如lovely[5lQvl], cozy[5kEuz], narrow[5nArEu], even[5i:vn], human[5hju:mEn], • 但有例外:perfect[5pE:fkt], silent[5salEnt], frequent [5fri:kwEnt], honest[5ɒnst], absent[5AbsEnt] ](双辅音字母结尾,但第一音节重读)。

  16. ④双音节副词和介词的重音规律与上述双音节动词和形容词的重音规律相似。(例词从略)④双音节副词和介词的重音规律与上述双音节动词和形容词的重音规律相似。(例词从略) ※注意:英语中有一大批双音节名词兼作动词的情况,其拼写形式完全一样,但重音不同。往往是:名词的重音在第一个音节,而动词的重音在第二个音节上。如:

  17. 名 词 insult[5nsQlt]侮辱 permit [5pE:mt]许可证 progress [5prEu^res]进步 refuse [5refju:s]垃圾 suspect[5sQspekt]嫌疑犯 torment[5tC:ment]折磨 • 动 词 insult[n5sQlt]侮辱 permit [pE5mt]允许 progress [prE5^res]vi. 进展 refuse [r5fju:z]拒绝 suspect[sEs5pekt]怀疑 torment[tC:5ment]vi. 折磨 • 2. 三音节词的重音规律 • ①三音节名词和形容词的重音通常在第一个音节上。如: • 名词: policy[5pɒls], comedy[5kɒmd], article[5B:tkl], cinema [5snmE], emperor[5empErE], industry[5ndEstr]。

  18. 形容词:accurate[5Akjurt], militant[5mltEnt], delicate[5delkt]精细的, resolute[5rezElju:t]坚定的, beautiful[5bju:tEfEl] 如果中间的音节含长元音或双元音或以两个辅音字母结尾,则中间那个音节重读。如:tomato[tE5mB:tEu](美音[tE5metEu]) disaster[d5zB:stE], banana[bE5nB:nE], potato[pE5tetEu], October[Ck5tEubE], umbrella[Qm5brelE], dilemma[d5lemE], September[sEp5tembE] 但有例外:eleven[5lev(E)n], familiar[fE5mIlIE] (第二个音节只有一个辅音结尾)

  19. ②三音节动词的重读规律。 • a. 如果第三个音节含长元音或双元音或以两个辅音字母结尾,则(主)重读音一般都在第三个音节上。如: disagree[7disE5^ri:], entertain [7entE5tein], interchange[7IntE(:)5tFeindV], interfere[7IntE5fIE], interrupt[7intE5rQpt], comprehend[7kCmpri5hend]. 但有例外:educate [5edVu:keit], liberate[5lIbEreIt], modernize [5mCdEnaiz], socialize[5sEuFElaiz] b.如果第三个音节含短元音,则重音一般在第二个音节上。如:encounter[in5kauntE], remember[ri5membE], embody[Im5bCdI], abolish[E5bClIF]

  20. 3. 三个音节以上的单词(即多音节单词)的重音一般在倒数第三个或第四个音节上。revolutionary[revE5lu:FEnErI], incompetent[In5kCmpItEnt] 但有许多例外,需勤查词典确认到底重音在哪个音节上。

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