Wednesday 9/25/13

1. Wednesday 9/25/13 • Take out HW (sec. 2 outlines) • Discuss with your partner: In what ways did Radicals in Congress react to the “Black Codes” passed in Southern States?

2. 1863 - 1877 Chapter 5 Section 2

3. Chained Black Code “vagrants” forced to work for no wages (slavery).

4. “Slavery is dead?” The left panel shows a slave being sold as punishment for a crime; the right panel shows an African American being whipped as punishment for a crime in 1866.

5. 1866 Congress passed a Civil Rights Act that outlawed the black codes. 1. Complete the following graphic organizer to highlight how Congress responded to southern Democrats returning to power and how they put an end to Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan. Vetoed the measure. 2. Johnson’s response: Congressional response: Overrode the President’s veto. 3. Congress decided to build equal rights into the Constitution. 1866 passed the 14th Amendment 4.

6. Who were the radical Republicans and what did they want? • The postwar radical Republicans were motivated by three main factors: • Revenge—a desire among some to punish the South for causing the war. • 2. Concern for the freedmen —some believed that the federal government had a role to play in the transition of freedmen from slavery to freedom. • 3. Political concerns —the radicals wanted to keep the Republican Party in power in both the North and the South. CONGRESSMAN THADDEUS STEVENS SENATOR CHARLES SUMNER SENATOR Benjamin Wade

7. Radical Reconstruction How did moderate Republicans in Congress differ from the Radical Republicans? Moderate Republicans did not want full civil rights for African Americans, and felt threatened by the desire of Radical Republicans for a level of racial equality exceeding that found in northern states. Complete the following position chart on Moderate and Radical Republicans Positions Issues 1. Johnson’s Reconstruction policies opposed opposed 2. Black Codes 3. Expansion of the Republican Party in the South. favored disagreement 4. Civil Rights

8. WHAT HAPPENED IN MEMPHIS? The black population in Memphis had quadrupled, and racial tensions were high. The riot was sparked on May 1, 1866, when the wagons of a black man and a white man collided. When a group of black veterans tried to intervene to stop the arrest of the black man, a crowd of whites gathered at the scene. Fighting broke out, then escalated into three days of racially-motivated violence, primarily pitting the police (mainly Irish-Americans) against black residents. In the end, 46 blacks and two whites were killed, five black women were raped, and hundreds of black homes, schools, and churches were broken into or destroyed by arson. Along with the New Orleans riot three months later, the Memphis riot helped undermine the viability and support of President Andrew Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction program and led to the radical Republicans increasing their number in Congress in the 1866 congressional elections.

9. Why did Congress want to take over Reconstruction? Black codes created virtual slavery, rather than freedom and equality. The hypocrisy of these codes exemplified southern defiance of Reconstruction, as did incidents of violence in which African Americans were killed or wounded. Radical Reconstruction “reform, not revenge” Reconstruction Act of 1867 Summarize key provisions South military rule, 5 districts, governed by a northern general 1. Ordered southern states to elect new delegates to create new state constitutions 2. Required states to allow all qualified male voters to vote. 3. Temporarily barred supporters of the Confederacy from voting 4. Required southern states to guarantee equal rights to all citizens 5. Required states to ratify the 14th Amendment. 6.

11. A Power Struggle Over Reconstruction Design a graphic organizer to explain Johnson’s and Congress’s conflict over Reconstruction that led to the impeachment of the President and his near removal from office. 1868 Johnson fired Sec. of War Edwin Stanton Stanton’s military rule of the South took away the President’s power as Commander in chief The firing challenged the Tenure of Office Act The House found Johnson’s firing of Stanton was unconstitutional The Act placed limits on the President’s power to hire & fire gov’t officials The House voted to impeach Johnson Johnson missed being removed by one vote. The Act limited the President’s power to create his own administration.

12. The Impeachment process The House votes for impeachment 1. Explain how the impeachment process works. The Senate tries the case 2. The Chief Justice to the Supreme Court presides over the case 3. Two thirds of the Senators must vote for conviction to remove the accused 4. Explain the following sentence; President Johnson “won the battle but lost the war.” Johnson won the battle over impeachment, but lost the war over Reconstruction to Congress. He had no real power.

13. The impeachmentdocuments being served on the president.

14. Actual ticket allowing admission into the Senate impeachment debate.

15. The final vote Senator Edmund G. Ross 'Mr. Senator Ross, how say you?' the voice of the Chief Justice rings out over the solemn silence.  'Is the respondent, Andrew Johnson, guilty or not guilty of a high misdemeanor as charged in this article?' And the answer comes, full, distinct, definite, unhesitating and unmistakable.  'Not Guilty' “I almost literally looked down into my open grave.  Friendships, position, fortune, everything that makes life desirable to an ambitious man were about to be swept away by the breath of my mouth, perhaps forever. 

16. Johnson celebrating his acquittal with a liquor bottle. Horace Greeley, newspaper editor and opponent of the president.

17. Thursday September 26th, 2013 Focus: Complete the following. 1) In reaction to southern states imposing laws known as the ____________ codes, Congress attempted to pass the _____________rights act of 1866. President Johnson then promptly _________ the afore mentioned bill. Congress then passed the ________ amendment which stated that all persons born or __________ in the US were considered ____________ and were given equal protection under it’s laws.

18. 1868 ELECTION RESULTS

19. Excerpt from Grant’s inaugural address: "The responsibilities of the position I feel, but accept them without fear. The office has come to me unsought; I commence its duties untrammeled. I bring to it a conscious desire and determination to fill it to the best of my ability to the satisfaction of the people."

20. The Fifteenth Amendment was one of the enduring legacies of Reconstruction. Why was it important to give African Americans voting rights? What major sector of the population is not specified and is left out? Explain why you believe they were left out. Women The Fifteenth Amendment means that hereafter we have no excuse for ignorance, poverty, or destitution. Our excuse for such in the past is swept from us by the Fifteenth Amendment. We are to stand up and be responsible for our own existence, we must be independent men and citizens. Frederick Douglas

21. They wrote new constitutions for their states Constitutions guaranteed the civil rights of all residents The First Votes. What positive steps were taken by the new integrated southern conventions? Opened political office to individuals without regard to wealth Set up a system of public schools and orphanages How did the Fifteenth Amendment influence the composition of southern state legislatures? The 15th Amendment allowed hundreds of African Americans in southern states to become state senators and representatives in the 1870 elections.

22. Who’s Who? • PBS Pinchback- Louisiana’s 1st black governor

23. Who’s Who • Hiram Revels First African American elected to the senate • Over 600 African Americans Were elected to state legislatures

24. During Radical Reconstruction, the Republican Party was a mixture of people who had little in common but a desire to prosper in the postwar South. This bloc of voters included freedmen and what two other groups? carpetbaggers 1. scalawag 2.