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INTEGRATION OF WIND TURBINES WITH COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE IN REMOTE AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

INTEGRATION OF WIND TURBINES WITH COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE IN REMOTE AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM. Hussein Ibrahim, Ph.D. 16-19 April 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark. EWEA 2012 Annual Event. Outline. General context Wind-Diesel-Systems Wind-Diesel-Compressed Air Energy Storage: Principles

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INTEGRATION OF WIND TURBINES WITH COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE IN REMOTE AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

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  1. INTEGRATION OF WIND TURBINES WITH COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE IN REMOTE AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM Hussein Ibrahim, Ph.D. 16-19 April 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark EWEA 2012 Annual Event

  2. Outline • General context • Wind-Diesel-Systems • Wind-Diesel-Compressed Air Energy Storage: Principles • Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village • Conclusions • References Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  3. General context • Remote areas • For communities that are not or cannot be linked with the national grid (Nordic villages, islands, ...) • Towers and telecommunication relays, meteorological equipments, suppliers, chalets, agricultural and fish farming installations as well as for mines, scientific and military bases. • Usually fuelled by diesel generators (associated problems) Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  4. General context • Diesel Generators • Optimization required : energetic, economic and environmental • Minimal exploitation power limited to 30% of the nominal power because of the diesel generators wear low utilization factors. 2 L/kWh At Pload > 70% de Pnominal,  0,25 L/kWh = Cfuel at 100% of Pnominal 1,5 L/kWh 1 L/kWh 0,5 L/kWh 0,3 L/kWh Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  5. General context • Diesel Generators • Requires frequent visits and maintenance services • Highly depends on imported fuel and the transportation mode • Difficulty for on-time supply of fuel • High cost of exploitation  Annual deficit of 133M$ (Quebec isolated grids) • Source of continuous emission of Greenhouse gases (140,000 tons per year : Canadian isolated grids) Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  6. Wind-Diesel Systems • During the past few years, wind energy is increasingly used to reduce diesel fuel consumption (specially at low load), providing economic, environmental, social, and security benefits. • Wind-diesel (WD) are designed to use as much as possible wind power in order to lower diesel consumption. The challenge is to keep the power quality and stability of the system besides the variability of the wind power generation and diesel operational constraints. • The diesel genset cannot be completely eliminated, because the wind turbine is not reliable power source and requires very large energy storage to assure the power at low wind conditions. But the energy storage system : (1) must be adaptable to WD, efficient, inexpensive; (2) and must have a long lifetime and able to contribute in reducing fuel consumption Compressed air Energy Storage (CAES) Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  7. Wind-Diesel-Compressed Air System : Principles The success secret Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  8. Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village • Year study was conducted : 2007 • Average wind speed: 5.5 m/s • Average electric load of village : 506 kW • Maximum electric load of village : 851 kW • Wind park with 4 Enercon turbines • Nominal power per turbine: 335 kW • Total wind power: 1340 kW Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  9. Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village Operation autonomy of engines v.s. number of engines Operation autonomy of diesel engines with respect to use WDCAS Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  10. Case Study: Tuktoyaktu Village 18% (1st Genset) Operation autonomy of each diesel engine with respect to use WDCAS 14% (2nd Genset) 51% (2nd Genset) Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  11. Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village Cost reduction due to reduced fuel consumption Cost reduction due to reduction in maintenance expenses Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  12. Case Study: Tuktoyaktuk Village This value is equivalent to the quantity of emitted Greenhouse gases by 167 light trucks or cars traveling 15000 km annually. Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  13. The WDCAS represents an interesting solution to economic and environmental issues related to the electrification of isolated sites. The additional overcharge of diesel engine enables better response to the load requirement by making maximum use of available compressed air. It enables fuel saving of around 30%. Allows a maintenance reduction cost of approximately 50%. Allows the setting up and validation of a control strategy. A global test bed is required to validate the results obtained in this study  Future test bed at SNEEC (Nordic Experimental Site on Wind Energy-CORUS) of TechnoCentre éolien Conclusions Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  14. Thank you for your attention Questions?

  15. Hussein IBRAHIM, Ph.D.70 Rue BolducG4X 1G2, Gaspé, QC, CANADATél: +1-418-368-6162#238hibrahim@eolien.qc.ca

  16. ANNEXES

  17. Energy Storage Technologies • The analysis of this criteria allows evaluating a «performance index» and developing a yields diagram of different storage technologies. • The performance index is the measure of the applicability of a storage technique to a specified application taking into account the different characteristics of energy storage technologies. • Storage capacity • Available power • Depth of discharge or power transmission rate • Efficiency • Discharge time • Lifetime (cycling capacity) • Costs • Autonomy • Self-discharge • Feasabilityand adaptation to the generating source • Mass and volume densities of energy • Operational constraints • Reliability • Monitoring and control equipment • Environmental aspect • Other characteristics

  18. Energy Storage Technologies Best performance index (82%) • For another application than the power supply of a remote area, the values of the performance index can be different. • Wind-diesel + CAES Wind-diesel-Compressed air energy storage (WDCAS).

  19. Advantages of an additionalturbocharging by storedcompressed air Potential of the additional turbocharging of diesel engine by the stored compressed air : Increase and stability of the optimal efficiency for the entire operation range of diesel engine (> 50% for Air/fuel ratio = 53) πc = 1.2 πc = 1.3 πc = 1.1 πc = 1.5 πc = 1.8 πc = 1.4 πc = 2.7 πc = 1 πc = 3 πc = 2.2 πc = 3.5 πc = 3.2 πc = 3.5 Maximal efficiency (42%) obtained for weak loads when the diesel engine is not supercharged by stored compressed air Maximal load increased (600 N.m to 1200 N.m) thanks to the supercharging by turbocharger or by stored compressed air Hussein IBRAHIM CanWEA 2010– Montreal, Quebec, November 1-3, 2010

  20. Case Study: Tuktoyaktuk Village Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

  21. Case Study:Tuktoyaktuk Village Hussein IBRAHIM EWEC 2012–, Copenhagen, Denmark, April 16-19, 2012

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